TEACHING HORSE TO LEAD. 211 



going round too quickly ; and both reins will aid in 

 checking any forward advance on his part. 



/;/ teacJiing tJie turn on the foreJiand to the right, we 

 should place ourselves near the off shoulder of the horse, 

 and should use the reins and whip in the reversed manner 

 to which we did for obtaining the turn on the forehand 

 to the left. As the action of the whip in this case is 

 preparatory to that of the drawn-back foot of the rider ; 

 we should gradually advance its point of contact with the 

 skin until we gain our object by touching the horse with 

 the whip on that portion of his side which the heel or 

 spur would reach. 



Teaching the horse to turn on the forehand in obedience 

 to the proper aids, is, I think, essential to the education 

 of all saddle horses ; for it is the best preparatory means 

 for making them readily obey the leg. 



Teaching a horse to lead. — After giving the horse 

 his lessons with the long reins, and making him turn on his 

 forehand, there will be little or no difficulty in getting him 

 to lead, which he may be taught to do by using the 

 crupper leading-rein (see Fig. 96) and the words " Come 

 here ! " or any convenient substitute, when pulling the rope, 

 so as to make the horse connect in his mind the idea 

 of having to come up to us with the verbal command. 

 The crupper leading-rein can be readily made by taking 

 a long rope, doubling it, making a loop in the middle by 

 knotting it, and passing the loop under the horse's tail, and 

 the ends of the rope through the halter, or rings of the 

 snaffle. To prevent it slipping over the tail when it 



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