DIFFICULT TO TURN. 339 



the shying is combined with jibbing or determined rearing, 

 the severe discipline of making a horse lie down and 

 keeping him on the ground (see page 165) will not be 

 required. For shying off the ball at polo, off the peg at 

 tent-pegging, and other forms of this vice, see following 

 paragraph. 



Running out to one side, and difficult to turn. — Here, 

 as in shying (see preceding paragraph), our great means of 

 reformation will be work with the long reins, and practice 

 at the turn on the forehand. After having given our pupil 

 one or more effective lessons in the manage or on the 

 breaking ground, we may test his steadiness as follows. 

 Supposing that he runs out to the left when coming up to a 

 fence or on some particular part of a race-course, we should, 

 when mounted, take a rein in each hand and hold the 

 cutting-whip or ash plant in the right hand (see Fig. 106), 

 ready, the moment he attempts running out to the left, to 

 pull his head round to the right, and to bring at the same 

 moment his hind-quarters round to the left by the applica- 

 tion of the whip or stick, so as to place him again in the 

 direction from which he tried to deviate. As the turn can 

 be made far easier on the forehand than on the hind- 

 quarters (see page 293), it follows that the whip, or its 

 substitute, should be applied to the latter in preference to 

 the former. This is a point of breaking which is well worthy 

 of attention, especially as it is opposed to the practice 

 of the large majority of riding men. We must remember 

 that, when a horse makes good an attempt to bolt away 

 from the direction in which we wish to retain him, he 



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