v] Euphorhiacese, Amentaceae 69 



105° F., pulse 90, and increased respiration. The illness is protracted 

 over several weeks, the animals being comatose after the first symptoms. 



REFERENCES. 

 73, 81, 112, 130, 146, 170, 190, 205, 213, 255. 



Box {Buxus sempervirens L.). Farm live-stock may occasionally 

 have the opportunity of browsing on box, or clippings may be thrown 

 to them with other green herbage from gardens. Care should be taken 

 that clippings are otherwise disposed of. All parts of the plant are 

 bitter and have been proved to be poisonous. The bitter taste tends 

 to prevent animals eating sujQBicient of the plant to cause serious injury. 

 Pigs have died a day after eating the leaves. Horses also were killed 

 by eating 750 grammes (1-6 lb.) of the foliage. 



Toxic Principles. Faure found in the bark and leaves of box the 

 toxic alkaloid Buxine, but it was believed that there were other toxic 

 substances, since analysis showed the leaves to be less rich in Buxine 

 than the bark, while they are three times as active. Other substances 

 occurring in box are Parabuxine, Buxinidine, and Parabuxinidine. 



Symptoms. Small amounts have an emetic and purgative action; 

 with average amounts, there are, in addition, nervous symptoms, lame- 

 ness, muscular tremors, vertigo, then a period of coma. Large amounts 

 cause death with intense abdominal pains, dysenteric flux, tenesmus, 

 convulsions, respiratory and circulatory troubles. 



Pigs are chiefly affected after eating the leaves, exhibiting great 

 thirst, uncertain gait and delirium, while death occurs within twenty- 

 four hours. 



Pott gives the general symptoms as sickness, diarrhoea, giddiness, 

 stupefaction, convulsive movements, and colic. 



REFERENCES. 

 4, 16, 73, 128, 190, 205, 213, 235. 



AMENTACE-aE. 



The Oak {Quercus sp.). Injury to stock from the Oak has been due 

 in the first place to the leaves, and in the second to the acorns. In 

 regard to the leaves no injury appears to have been recorded in Britain, 

 but Cornevin devotes attention only to poisoning by the leaves, which 

 in special circumstances have caused serious accidents to animals which 



