8 A. D. 1495. 



foundation of an happy union of the two kingdoms ; yet the dowery 

 and portion were not adjufted till the year 1500, nor the confummation 

 till 1504. [F(£dera, F. \\\,p. 572.] 



1496. — After many mutual complaints and differences, and a long fuf- 

 penfion of commerce between England and the Netherlands, during 

 which, (fays Lord St. Albans), the merchants-adventurers, being a 

 rtrong company at that time, and well underfet with rich men, held out 

 bravely, taking off the commodities of the kingdom, though they lay 

 dead upon their hands for want of vent, a new and folemn treaty of 

 peace, commerce, aad alliance, was concluded between king Henry 

 VII and the archduke Phihp, fovereign of the Netherlands, whi(^, 

 for its excellency and importance, was dignified by the Netherlanders 

 with the name of intercurfus magnus, both becaufe it is more complete 

 than preceding ones, and alfo to dignify it from the treaty that follow- 

 ed in the 2ifl year of the king (1506), which they called intercurfus 

 mains ; in fubllance as follows. 



I) Mutual liberty allowed on both fides to trade to each others do- 

 minions, without aftcing for licence or paffport. — To carry all manner 

 of merchandize, whether wool, leather, viduals, arms, horfes, jewels, 

 or any other wares, either by land or water, from Calais, England, and 

 Ireland, to the countries of Brabant, Flanders, liainault, Holland, Zea- 

 land, and Mechlin, and from thefe provinces to Calais, England, and 

 Ireland ; and that both parties may freely refort to and unload at all 

 the cullomary ports, and reload, and thence freely depart. 



II) Merchants, mariners, &c. may, on both lides, carry weapons of 

 defence in their fhips, and bring them on fhore to their lodgings, where 



. they fliall leave their fwords, daggers, &c. till they go onboard again. 



III) The fifhers on both fides may freely fifh on the Teas, without 

 any fafe conduft afl^ed ; and when driven into each others ports, by 

 tempeft or other neceffity, they fhall be fafe there, and have free liber- 

 ty to depart at pleaiure, paying the cuf^omary dues. 



IV) Pirates, and fliips of the enemies of either party, fhall not be 

 permitted to rob, or otherwife injure the fubjecls of either party in 

 their reipeclive havens and countries ; nor to land nor fell there the 

 goods or fhips taken from either party. 



V) And to the end that captures of fliips, perfons, and goods, may 

 hereafter ceafe between both parties, it is agreed, that fecurity, to 

 double the value of fliip and goods, be given by fhipmaflers fetting 

 out on a voyage, that they fhall not commit any piracy or robbery on 

 the fubjefts of the other party. 



,»j^i, VI) The fliips of either party, driven into the ports of the other 



party, by florm, enemies, Sec. fhall remain there fafely, and may de- 

 part again freely ; but they fliall not open nor unload their merchand- 



