A. D. 15 2 1. ^9 



in the harbours, bays, rivers, or mouths of rivers, roads or ftations for 

 fhipping, and particularly the ftation called the Downs, nor in any other 

 maritime places belonging to the jurifdiction of the king of England, 

 take, fpoil, rob, or plunder any fhip or merchantman, loaded or unload- 

 ed, armed or imarmed, of whatfoever burden or nation they may be; 

 nor rob any fuch fhip of its merchandize, arms, &c. nor injure the fame 

 any other way : but both fhips and mariners, of whatever nation, fliould 

 be abfolutely fecure in thofe places, and remain at anchor there, with- 

 out obflrudion or moieftation from either of the faid two princes or of 

 their fubjecis. 



Laflly, the ratification is memorable, viz. 



' We having feen the above named articles, and being defirous to 

 ' gratify the faid moR reverend cardinal, our moft dear and 

 ' mofl beloved friend, do hereby ratify and approve the fame. 



(Signed) ' Charles, emperor. 

 ' Francis, king. 



We have feen, tliat fb early as the year 1508, the Portuguefe had 

 become in feme meafure maflers of the fpice or Molucco ifles, and that 

 the emperor Charles V had encouraged Magellan to fail to them by a 

 vveftern courfe in the year 1518 ; }et the Spaniards proved unfuccefsfui 

 in all their attempts to poflefs thofe iilands. At length, King John III 

 of Portugal, in the year 1529, fent the emperor, his brother-in-law, 

 350,000 ducats (v/nen about this lime he went into Italy to be crowned 

 emperor), on condition of not being dillurbed in the poifeflion of thofe 

 iiles till repayment of that fum ; which being never done (fays Sir AVil- 

 liam Monfon in his Naval tracts), Spain has never fnce pretended to. 

 thofe ifles. 



The Portuguefe now brought thofe fpices home to Liibon in great 

 quaniiiies, whereby, fays Penfionary De Witt {Irdej-eji of Holland, part 



III. r. iii.] the king of Portugal got above 2co,oco ducats yearly. 



' Thofe ifles,' fiys the fame able author, ' before they thus loft their 



* independency, were ariftocratical republic?, and then drove a. great 

 ' trade in their cloves, m.ace, and nutmegs; and although fcarcely a 



* third part thereof was carried by lliipping to Calecut, that great flaple 

 ' of India, which being there fold, were carried to Baffora ami Egypt 

 ' by caravans, and thence tranfported by fnippiiig to Europe ; yet the 

 ' fultans of Syria and Egypt, through whoie lands they were biought, 

 ' were wont to receive yearly above 80,000 ducats cuftom for the fame. 

 ' No wonder then if the princes of thofe countries, as well as the {late 

 ' of Venice, were very much offended with the Portuguefe for divert- 

 ' ing this profitable channel of that trade.' 



About this time the French commenced a (ilk m.anufad are, having been 

 fupplied with workmen from Milan, while they polfefled that duchy. 

 In this munufafiure they made a very quick progrefs, principally at . 



H 2 



