76 



A. D. 1534. 



brought to permit the French to trade thither. On Cartier's return, in 

 the year 1536, he found many French Ihips fiihing on the banks of 

 Newfoundland, which {hows how early the French fell into that fifhery. 



Cartier made no fettlement in Canada, only he eredled a crofs there, 

 with the arms of his king, and called the country la Nou%'eUe France: 

 yet a village there has preferved his name to this day *. 



By an a6l of parliament [25 Hen. VIU, c. 8.], the flreet between 

 Holbourn-bridge and Holbourn-bars at the weft end thereof, was di- 

 reded to be paved with ftone {i. e. we may fuppofe from St. Andrew's 

 church weftward, the other part down to the bridge being already pav- 

 ed.) The fireets of Southwark were hereby alio dired:ed to be paved ; 

 and every perfon was ordered to maintain the pavement before his own 

 ground, or forfeit to the king fixpence for every yard fquare. 



An a6l of parliament [25 Hen. VHI, c. 13.] reprefents the practice of 

 engroiling farms, and diverting land from tillage to the fupport of vafl 

 numbers of fheep, as an evil lately fprung up ; ' whereby they have not 

 ' only pulled down churches and towns f, and enhanced the old rates of 

 ' rents, or elfe brought them to fuch exceflive fines, that no poor man 

 ' is able to meddle with them ; but alfo have enhanced the prices of all 



* manner of corn, cattle, wool, pigs, geefe, hens, chickens, eggs, &.c. ; 

 ' by reafon whereof a marvellous midtitude of people be not able to 



* provide meat, clothes, &c. for themfelves and families. One of the 



* greateft occafions why thofe greedy and covetous people do keep fuch 



* great quantities of lands in their hands, from the occupying of the 

 "' poor hufbandman, and do ufe it in paflure and not in tillage, is only 

 ' the great profit that cometh of fheep, now got into few perfons hands, 

 " in refped: of the whole number of the king's fubjeds, that fome have 

 *' 24,000, fome 20,000, fome 10,000 to 5000 fheep; whereby a good 

 ' flieep, that ufed to be fold for 2/4, or 3/ at moft, is now fold for 6f, 



* or 5/, or 4/" at leaf! ; and a ftone of wool, which ufed to be fold for 

 ' 1/6, or 1/8, is now fold for i^f, or 3/4 at leaft, &c. which things 

 '' tend to the decay of hofpitaiity, the diminifnlng of the people, and to 

 ' the let of cloth-making, whereby many poor people have been accuf- 

 ' tomed to be fet on work. For remedy ,_^ it was in fubllance, enaded, 



' I) That none fhali keep above 2400 fheep (exclufi.ve of lambs) at 

 ' any one time, unlefs it be on his own land of inheritance ; in which 

 ' cafe he is not hereby limited, nor are fpiritualperfons. 



' II) No man Ihall hold above two farm.s ; in the parifh of one of 



* which he fliall be obliged to refide.', 



* Sebaftian Munfter, in his Gcorjvaphia vetius et at the ifland ftill called Ccpe Bvetoii, in his map 

 jiova, (B;ilih2s 1540) has placid ihc name o^ Fnui- of America, which he calls Novus Oibis. 

 jc/fca where Canada is iituated ; and C. Briionum f Quere, how could that be ? 



