io6 A. D. 1550. 



Scotland, and for conditionally demolifhing the caftles of Aynrtoitth &nd 

 Roxburgh, hoflagcs were delivered on both fides. [Foe^e/a, V. xv, 

 p. 21 1.] 



In an acquittance for delivery of the artillery and ammunition of 

 Boulogne, there is probably the earliefl: mention of iron bullets f' boul- 

 ' letz defer'): notwithftanding which, we fhall fee that flone bullets 

 remained in ufe confiderably later than this time. [^Fcedera, V. xv, 

 p. 218.] 



The introdu6lion of the inquifition in the Netherlands this year, 

 created great uneafinefs, and even influenced commerce exceedingly. 

 The emperor being defirous to have that infernal tribunal introduced 

 into Antwerp, fo great was the influence of the Englifli merchants-ad- 

 venturers at that time (fays Sleidan in his Commentaries, L. xxii.), that 

 the city had no other means for effedually influencing the emperor, but 

 to tell him, that the Englifli merchants would certainly leave the city 

 and country if he brought the inquifition thither, which proved effec- 

 tual. For it feems the emperor, on a flirid inquiry, found that the Eng- 

 lifli merchants-adventurers employed at leafl: 20,000 perfons in the city 

 of Antwerp alone, befides 30,000 more in other parts of the Nether- 

 lands *. 



Antwerp having had new and very fl:rong walls built round it about 

 this time (fays Guicciardin), including a large piece of ground for ad- 

 ditional new ft:reets, 3000 houfes on new foundations were ereded, and 

 above 1000 old ones rebuilt larger and finer; fo that, Paris excepted 

 (fays our author), there is hardly a city on this fide the Alps that ex- 

 ceeds it in power and riches ; and as, in general, it may be reckoned 

 among the principal cities of Europe, fo particularly, with refped: to its 

 vaft commerce, it may be deemed almoft the firft in the world f . 



Yet Heifs [Hifiory of the empire, V. ii, p. 108.] obferves, that the em- 

 peror having this year ifllied his vigorous and famous edi6l againft: the 

 Netherland proteftants, efliablifliing fundry tribunals of inquifition for 

 their fevere punifliment, the edi(fi: paved the way for all the great changes 

 which happened afterward in thofe provinces ; but its immediate effecfl: 

 (as it regarded commerce), was fpreading terror and defpair amongft 

 the manufadurers and merchants, which more efpecially began even 

 now to affed: tlie tranquillity of Antw'erp. 



At this time Captain Bodenham made a trading voyage to the iflands 

 of Candia and Chio in the Levant, where he took in wines, &c. At 

 Chio he found Englifli, as well as French and Genoefe merchants. 

 While Cundia remained fubjed to Venice, and Chio to Genoa, chrifl:ian 

 {hips conftantly traded thither ; but when the Turks afterwards con- 



* It is proper to obferve, that this account is and therefor fome allowance muft. be made on that 



from a book written in vindication of the exclufive fcore in the computation. 



claims of the company of EugUfli inerchant-ad- f I apprehend this muft be the lame enlarge- 



venturets, by J. Wheeler, their fecretary, in 1601 ; meut already noted in the year 1543. M. 



