1^6 A. D. 156 1. 



Others relate, that one William Rider, an apprentice on London bridge, 

 feeing, at the houfe of an Italian merchant, a pair of knit -,v:.rii-d ft ick- 

 ings from Mantua, very ingenioufly made a pair exadly like them, 

 which he prefented to William Earl of Pembroke, being the firft of 

 that kind worn in England, in the year 1 564. 



A rich mine of copper was dilcovered at Newlands, in Cumberland, 

 which had been negleded many ages, fays Carhden \Brit. p. 631.] And 

 at the fame time there was found in great abundance the ftone called 

 lapis calaminaris, or calamy ftone, fo necellary for turning copper into 

 brafs. 



The country people, upon licence being granted for the exportation 

 of grain, began to ply their huflDandry more diligently than formerly, 

 by breaking up grounds which had remained untilled beyond all me- 

 mory of man. 



According to Malynes's Ceutrs of the circle of commerce *, p. 93, 

 4to, 1623, Queen EUzabeth granted a new charter \yio regni] of con- 

 -firmation to the corporation of the mayor and conftables of the ftaple 

 of England, of all fuch privileges and liberties as they did, might, or 

 ought to have enjoyed, one year before the lofs of Calais, by grant, 

 charter, law, prefcription, or cuftom, notwithftanding any non-ufer, 

 abufer, &c. 



The French feem to have traded very early to the coaft of Guinea 

 and its neighbourhood ; for the writer of an Englifti voyage to Guinea, 

 in the year 1591, fays, that about thirty years before that time the 

 French traded from the ports of Normandy to the river Gambia with 

 four or five fliips yearly f. [Hakluyt, V. ii, p. i 89, part ii.] 



1562. — Some Frenchmen alfo, aflifted by the Admiral Coligny.made 

 an attempt to fettle in Florida ; but not being fupported from home, 

 they were forced to abandon that enterprife, being almoft famiftied for 

 want of proviiions, in the year 1564, after remaining in Florida two 

 fummers and one winter. 



The fame year Coligny alfo projedled a fettlement on the fouth-eaft 

 coaft of Africa (fays Mezeray), near Mozambique or Melinda, to ferve 

 as a retreat for the French in carrying on the trade of Africa and Eaft 

 India, as was praclifed by the Portuguefe ; and three fliips, with 1200 

 foldieis, were fent out, but they were ftiipwrecked on the ifle of Madei- 

 ra ; and after a fcuffle with the Portuguefe there, they returned to 

 France without farther purfuing their original defign. 



Mr. John Hawkins, aflifted by the fubfcriptions of fundry gentlemen, 



now fitted out three fliips (the largeft being of i 20 tons, and the fmall- 



•- 



* A treatife written againft Mijelien's Circle of of Africa claims an antiquity of two centuries 

 commerce. Thefe diiputes have been long dormant, prior to this time, as I have fliown in its proper 

 f The French commerce with the weft coall place. M, 



