A. D. 1564. 139 



lee the Englifli taking fuch large ftrides towards an univerfally-ex ten- 

 five commerce. Moreover, the raifing the cuflom on cloth exported to 

 the Netherlands, and of merchandize imported from thence into Eng- 

 land, had given great offence to the Netherlanders. All thefe confi- 

 derations now induced the duchefs of Parma, governefs of the Nether- 

 lands, to iffue her proclamation prohibiting the exportation of any ma- 

 terials for the above manufadures to England. Moreover, by way of 

 retaliation, but vmder the pretext of the plague, which at this time 

 raged in England, (he prohibited the importation of Englifh woollen 

 goods into the Netherlands. In this year, therefore, the Englifh com- 

 pany of merchants-adventui-ers were obliged to carry their woollen 

 cloths to Embden in Eafl Frifeland, where for a while they kept their 

 flaple, entirely deferring the Netherlands. Whereupon Philip II of 

 Spain abfolutely prohibited all his fubjecls from trading with the Eng- 

 lifh at Embden : Yet, in the end, the fleadinefs of Elizabeth got the 

 better of all oppofition ; for Philip, knowing that the true interefl of 

 his Netherland fubjecis required peace and commerce with England, 

 found himlelf obliged to revoke all his prohibitions, and to admit the 

 Englilh to trade with the Netherlands as formerly, on the bottom of the 

 interctirfiis mogmis. Camden, in his hiftory of Queen Elizabeth, re- 

 lates, that our general trade with the Netherlands at this time amount- 

 ed to twelve millions of ducats, five millions of which was for Englifh 

 cloth alone. 



Qj-ieen Elizabeth concluded a general treaty of peace and commerce 

 with King Charles IX of France, the commercial part of which was ex- 

 actly the fame with that of the year 1559. {Jo^dera, V. xv, p. 640.] 



Puffendorf, in his hiftory of Sweden, relates, that about this time (for 

 he is too regardlefs of chronology), in a fea-fight between the fleet of 

 Eric XIV, king of Sweden, and that of Frederic II of Denmark, the 

 Swedifh fleet coniifted of 40 fiiips, their admiral fhip mounting 200 

 brafs cannon ; which huge fhip being feparated from the refl of that 

 fleet by a ftorm, fuflained alone the attack of the whole Danifh fleet, 

 joined by that of Lubeck, and funk the admiral of the latter by her 

 fide. But being at length furrounded and overpowered by the enemy's 

 fleet, fhe was fet on fire, and totally deftroyed. This is probably the 

 firft, and it is as probable will be the Lift vellel of fo enormous a fize *. 

 The Hollanders, in the zenith of their naval power and glory, feldoni 

 or never went beyond 90 cannon for their firfl-rate fliips of war ; and 

 it feems more for the lake of found than for folid advantage, that the 

 Englifh and French have run into an higher number of cannon. We 



* Unlefs we knew the fize of the br.ifs cannon, were not very heavy, may be inferred from the Hen- 



thf number of them cannot warrant a beh'ef tliat ry Grace deDieu, built by King Henry VIII, car- 



Ihe was larger than fome antient, or many modern, rying 122 guns, though only of loco ton» bur- 



rtiips. That the guns carried by fhips at this time den. M. 



32 



