150 A. D. 1569. 



former in the exportation of wool (not as yet legally prohibited), and 

 the latter of cloth, both to the great advantage of the revenue. This 

 made the Hanfeatics labour to render thofe companies obnoxious to 

 other nations by various calumnies ; yet, in fpite of their malice, an 

 univerfal fpirit of adventuring in foreign parts for difcovery and traffic, 

 as well as for improving manufadlures at home, dayly increafed in Eng- 

 land, whereby they foon became an overmatch in naval flrength, com- 

 merce, and riches, for the declining Hanfeatics ; whofe threatenings 

 therefor the queen difregarded ; and Werdenhagen, their hiftorian, a 

 few years after this acknowleges, that the Englifh in all thofe refpedls, 

 as alfo in the bravery of their commanders and failors, excelled the 

 Hanfe towns ; and Hamburgh, though a potent Hanfe town, which had 

 formerly rejected the Englifh merchants, now began to court their re- 

 fidence ; in confequence of which they removed from Emden to Ham- 

 burgh, whence they foon extended their commerce into Saxony, Pruflia, 

 and Rullia, which gave great umbrage to the Danes. 



1570 The ifland of Scio, or Chio, being taken by the Turks from 



the Genoefe, the Englidi trade to that ifland was interrupted for fome 

 time. This year the Turks alfo conquered the ifland of Cyprus, which 

 the Venetians had poflefled almofl; a century, which was a further inter- 

 ruption of the commerce of all the Chriftian flates with the eaftern 

 coafl:s of the Mediterranean. 



The prince of Orange having withdrawn into Germany to raife an 

 army againfl the duke of Alva, fome Ihips commiflioned by him, after 

 preying on all Spanifh fhips near the Netherlands, landed on the ifle of 

 Voorn, alfaulted and carried the town of Briel, pulled down the popifti 

 images in the churches, and making open profeflion of the protefl:ant reU- 

 gion, protefted againfl the taxes and the tyranny of the Spanifli govern- 

 ment. Whereupon they were forthwith feconded by the revolt of moll 

 of the inhabitants of Holland, Zealand, and Wefl;-Frifeland, who ex- 

 pelled the Spanifli garrifons, and renouncing their fidelity to King Phi- 

 lip II, fwore allegiance to William prince of Orange as their fladtholder. 

 It is needlefs to trouble the reader with a detail of what may be found 

 in all the hifl:ories of Europe, viz. the return of the prince of Orange 

 with a frefli army from Germany, whereby he effedually fupported the 

 revolters, and became the main inftrument of eflablifhing the republic 

 of the feven united provinces. 



Sir Robert Cotton, in a tradl on the manner and means how the kings 

 of England have from time to time fupported and repaired their ellates 

 (printed in a book, intitled Cottoni Fojlhuma, 1651, 8vo), relates, ' that in 

 this I 2th year of Queen Elizabeth, the yearly profit of the kingdom * 



* The prcjit of the llngdm comprehended the on the people in times of peace : and this annual 

 queen's annual income from her manors and lands, profit was pretty nearly the fame one year with 

 her cuftomt, efcheata, &c. for (he raifed no taxes another. 



