A. D. 1583. 173 



Dr. Fletcher obtain, who was fent afterwards ambaflador on this behulf 

 to Ruflia, in the year 1588. 



The laft part of the preceding paragraph we have taken from a curi- 

 ous and judicious treatife of Captain CarHlle's, who was fon-in law lo 

 Sir Francis Walfingham, fecretary of ftate to Queen EHzabeth ; and 

 who this year alfo fet forta the hazard of the Enghfli in their voyages 

 to Turkey from the piratical ftates of Barbary, for prevention where- 

 of it cofl about L2000 yearly in prefents ; and the like hazards in our 

 trade to Italy, our failors being obliged to pay large ranfoms to the Al- 

 gerines for their redemption from flavery. Moreover, the Venetians, 

 envying our advancement in thole trades, have loaded us wiih high du- 

 ties on our merchandize, and on theirs which we bring back 



Yet (fays Captain Carlifle) we drive a great trade with Spain and Por- 

 tugal, who take off much of our wares to their Indies. 



Carlifle had, by the interell of Sir Francis Walfingham and others, 

 raifed Liooo fubfcription at Briflol, for an attempt to fettle in Ameri- 

 ca ; and had propofed to the Ruflia merchants to raife L3000 more at 

 London; which L4000 they deemed fufhcient to fettle 100 men in 

 their intended plantation. 



Captain Carlifle judicioufly difp lays the many benefits which would 

 accrue to England by making a fettlement in North America : Such as 

 the great confuraption of our woollen and other manufadlures ; taking 

 off our idle and burdenfome people ; the great likelihood of rich mines ; 

 and fbll more, of our railing naval flores in America, which we are now 

 obliged at high prices to take from other nations ; that this propofed 

 fettlement may alfo be greatly helpful to the fifhery in thofe feas ; and 

 as there are grapes in plenty in America, and olives may be eafily propa- 

 gated there, both wine and oil maybe had in abundance: Furs alio, 

 and fkins in abundance. 



Pippins (according to the author of the Prefent ftate of England, 

 printed anno 1683) were fiiil: planted in England about this time in 

 X.incolnfhire, prior to thofe of Kent. 



In the year 1578 the queen had granted a patent to Sir Humphry 

 Gilbert (half-brother to Sir Walter Raleigh) and his afligns, to make 

 difcoveries weftwaid, and to fettle a colony. Accordingly, (after fun- 

 dry difcouragemenis) he failed this year from Plymouth with five fhips; 

 and at Newfoundland was aflifled by the Englifli fifhing fhips there in 

 taking poflefiion of that ifland for himfelf, under the crcwn of England. 

 He had carried with him many artificers, with toys, &c. for traffic. 

 There he fet up the queen's arms, and gave leaics to many perfons for 

 flages to cure their fifli ; the Portuguefe, French, and Spanifli fliips 

 trews agveeiiig thereto. He thence failed to Cape Breton, and to the 

 continent of North America, where he loft one of his fliips. Meeting 

 with rnany other difafters, he returned homeward ; but Sir Humphry and 



