A. D. 1584. 175 



pleafant country, abounding in fine woods, deer, hares, wild fowl, fifh, 

 vines, currants, &c. 



Raleigh therefor obtained Queen Elizabeth's patent to himfelf, &c. 

 for the poflellion of fuch remote lands, not then inhabited by Chriftians, 

 as they fhould difcover in fix years, of which they thereby had the pro- 

 perty granted to them for ever, referving to the crown the fifth part of 

 all gold and filver ore found therein ; with pov\^er to fei/e to their pro- 

 per ufe all fhips with their merchandize that Ihall without leave plant 

 within 200 leagues of this intended fettlement ; excepiing, however, the 

 queen's fubjeds and allies fifiiing at Newfoundland, &c. grants free de- 

 nization to the planters and their pofterity refiding there, rowers are 

 alfo granted to the patentees for making bye-laws there, not repugnant 

 to thofe of England. N. B. In this and forae other patents of thofe 

 times, there was no diftind: place, longitude, nor latitude fixed or limit- 

 ed for fuch plantation, although undoubtedly North America was the 

 country intended. 



In the fame year Jerom Horfey, the queen's and the Englifh Ruflia 

 company's agent, is faid to have obtained more benefits of the czar Theo- 

 dore Ivanowitz than could be got in twenty preceding years. The czar 

 fent Horfey over land with his compliments to the queen, who fent him 

 back to him with her's : after which he took leave a fecond tir.ie, re- 

 turning with the czar's prefents for Queen Elizabeth. He was very ho- 

 nourably received at the new cafile of Archangel, and coming to St. 

 Nicholas, at the fea-fide, he was faluted with the cannen of the Englifh, 

 Dutch, and French fliips : which alfo plainly (hews that this compa- 

 ny's exclufive trade before this was quite abrogated *. 



1585 Next year Captain John Davis with two barks from Dartmouth 



firfi; failed into the fi:raits now fo well known by his name, and after 

 proceeding to the northward as far as 66 deg. 40 min. returned home 

 'the fame year, as all others fince have done, without difcovering a 

 north-weft paflage. At this time we find they knew the ufe of fome- 

 what like the harpoon, with which they killed a porpoife ; but though 

 many whales fell in their way, they knew not yet. the right manner of 

 killing them. 



The fate of the noble commercial city of Antwerp muft not be over- 

 looked in the hiftory of commerce. That moft beautitul city, which 

 had long flour ifhed in the greateft opulence, the fruit of unrivalled 

 commerce and manufatlures, was now belieged and taken by the duke 

 of Parma, the governor of the Spanifti provinces in the Netherlands. 



• Camden cxprcfsly aiTerts that tliis czar gave fea, by a propofal that {he fhould throw the trade 



free pcrn^iiTion to tlie merchants of all nitions to open to all her fubjeft:; ; which Ihevvs, that the 



trade to Rullla, and annvei-ed Elizabeth's demand Ruffian prince was not ignoiaut of the principles 



of a reiKwal of the exclulive privileges, granted by of con'ra;rce, ard of the intcrell of his countiy. 



his father to the Englilh company in the Wiiite J!/. 



