A. D. 1585. 177 



which was one reafon that it could never recover its former commerce, 

 as the Dutch forts on the Scheld, below it, was another, and more co- 

 gent one. In its glory it contained 13,500 private houfes, 42 churches, 

 22 markets, and 220 ftreets. From the Scheld on which it (lands, in the 

 figure of a crefcent, were cut eight principal canals into the city for load- 

 ed fhips to go into the heart of it. Not only England and Holland have 

 happily felt the advantages of the wild condudl of Spain, in their per 

 fecution of the proteftants of the Netherlands, by a very confiderable ac- 

 ceffion of induftrious manufadurers ; but hkewile fundry cities of Ger- 

 many were thence flocked with induftrious inhabitants : particularly, 

 the count de Hanau thereupon ereded what is called the new town of 

 Hanau (much finer than the old one), fince, however, increafed by the 

 perfecution of the French proteftants by Louis XIV. 



It was ordered by the dean, high fteward, and burgefl^cs of Weftmin- 

 fter, that the number of ale-houfes fiiould not exceed one hundred, viz, 

 fixty for St. Margaret's parifti, twenty for St. Martin's, and twenty for 

 St. Clement's and the Savoy precindt. The inhabitants of St. Marga- 

 ret's parilh thus appear to have exceeded thofe of all the refi; of the 

 liberty by onefixth part ; and as there were, when Maitland wrote, 

 (about the year 1740) 1 164 ale-houfes in that city and Uberty, he right- 

 ly enough eftimates the whole to be about twelve times as large in his 

 time as it was then. 



Sir Richard Greenville failed for Virginia, by the old round about 

 way above defcribed, with feven fhips loaded with arms, ammunition, 

 and provifions, and with men for a fettlement. He began with plant- 

 ing at Roanoke ifle, lying about five leagues from the continent *, in 

 36 degrees north latitude, where he left 108 men, who, negledling to 

 prepare their provifions in due feafon, and going far up the country in 

 quefl of mines, (for golden dreams were then univerfal) mofl of them 

 were either deflroyed by the natives, or perifhed for want ; and the few, 

 who furvived, were taken up by Sir Francis Drake on his return from 

 the Spanifh Weft Indies, who took them all home with him, even al- 

 though they had fown corn there, very near ripe, fufficient for two 

 years fuftenance. And they were but juft gone, when a fhip, fitted out at 

 the fole coft of Sir Walter Raleigh, arrived there with all forts of conve- 

 niences; as did Sir Richard Greenville foon after, with three other ftiips, 

 with a farther fupply : But finding the places quite defolate where the 

 Englilh planters had fettled, they all returned home f. 



• The iflarnl of Roanoke is fcarcely five miles Camden, (in his y/nna/i of Elizabeth) fays, tliat 



from the coaft of North Carolina ; for fo that part to the bed of his knowlege, the firll tobacco ever 



of America was called, after the iiidifciiminate feen in England was now brought from Virginia: 



name of Virginia was rcftriAed to the province and he obferves, that in a few years afterwards to- 



now fo called. M. bacco taverns (or fmoking houfes) were as com- 



f In thefe accounts there feems to be fomeconfu- nion in London as bccr-houles or wine-tavern*, 



fion refpefling the time and the names of perfons, M. 

 owing to the careleffncfs of writers and traufcriberi. 



Vol. II. Z 



