A. D. 1586, 181 



bers, on condition of expelling them, as they accordingly did ; and there 

 they built and fortified the town of that name, which they hold to this 

 day, paying tribute and cuftoms to the Chinefe. Since the Portuguefe 

 were expelled from Japan, Macao is become quite inconfiderable, hav- 

 ing but five fhips left : it contained 5000 Portuguefe, and 1500 Chinefe 

 in the year 1699. 



The fame year Sir Walter Raleigh fitted out from Plymouth two 

 fmall veflels, which at the Azores took five Spanifh fhips , and, after 

 fome other exploits, returned home with a good booty. 



Thomas Cavendifh now commenced the fecond Englifh circumnavi- 

 gation of the earth at his own expenfe, which he effeded in two years 

 and two months, by the old route through Magellan's ftrait, and home 

 by the Cape of Good Hope, having lofl: two of his three fhips. He took - 

 a rich Spanifli fliip from the Philippines, and deftroyed other fhips and ; 

 fome towns in the South feas. But neither this nor Drake's circumna- 

 vigation were intended for making uleful fettlements in thofe remote 

 parts, for the benefit of commerce, as inofl certainly they might eafily 

 have done ; their obje6l being only to pillage the Spaniards, together 

 with fome tranfient commerce. 



In this fame year the earl of Cumberland and Sir Walter Raleigh > 

 jointly fent out fome fliips to privateer on the Spaniards in the South 

 feas : but this undertaking proved unfortunate, and a great lofs to thefe 

 two enterprifing geniufes. 



Hakluyt acquaints us, that Jerome Horfey now obtained of the czar 

 Theodore Juano\vitz, new privileges for the Englifh RuIIia company, 

 (though not exclufive ones) fuch as a freedom from certain tolls or taxes, 

 &c. But it feems they were in this new grant prohibited from carry- 

 ing their goods to the new caflle of Archangel, and obliged to ufe the 

 old warehoufcs and the harbour of St. Nicholas. As this is the fecond: 

 time that we find mention of the new caflle of Archangel, it is probable 

 there was then no town of that name, and that this new caftle has fmce 

 grown up into the town of Archangel. 



We are indebted to De Witt's Interejl of Holland for the following 

 remarks on the earl of Leicefler's condud in Holland in this year, viz. . 

 ' that although during the troubles on the fcore of religion, many Fle- 

 * mifh and Brabant clothiers and merchants retired to Holland, yet 

 ' were they prefently in great danger of being driven out again by the 

 ' earl of Leicelter, who, by the interefl of the clergy, his courtiers, and 



* Englifh foldiers, endeavoured to make himfelf lord of the country, 

 ' iffuing very prejudicial placarts againfi: traffic and navigation, dclign- 

 ' ing by furprife to have feized on the three greatefl trading cities, viz. 



* Amfierdam, Leyden, and Enckhuyfen.' In another place he fays, ' that 

 ' Leicefter's edift at Utrecht, in the year 1586, prohibiting fiores of 



' war, provifions, or even merchandize, as alio letters, from being car- - 



