320 A. D. 1622. 



ning againft us, viz. the confumption of unneceflary foreign wares, for 

 mere luxury; the lofs of our Eaft-India ftock by the violences of the 

 Dutch company , piracies of the Barbary rovers ; the wars of Europe ; 

 the negled: of the fifhery ; the new improvements of other nations in 

 manufadures ; the decay of our own draperies, &c. His Free trade was 

 reprinted in 1651, and is well worth a perufal even at this day *. The 

 judicious Mr. Munn, in his treatife intitled England's treafure by foreign 

 trade, in 1664, (p. 103) has the following jufl: remark, viz. * in vain 

 ' therefor has Gerard Malynes laboured fo long, and in fo many print- 



* ed books, to make the world believe that the undervaluing of our 



* money in exchange does exhauft our treafure, which is a mere fallacy 

 ' of the caufe, attributing that to a fecondary means whofe efFeds are 



* wrought by another principal efficient, and would alfo come to pafs 



* although the faid fecondary means were not at all. As vainly alio hath 

 ' he propounded a remedy, by keeping the price of exchange by bills 



* at the pa)- pro pari, by public authority, which were a new found of- 

 ' fice, without example in any part of the world, being not only fruit- 



* lefs but alfo hurtful.' Thefe treatifes are long fince out of print, and 

 are become fcarce, which has made the particular mention of them the 

 more neceflary. 



We fhall clofe this year with obferving, that, by the induftry of the 

 Englifh Ruflia, Eaft-India, and merchant-adventurers, companies, and 

 their building many flout fhips, the commerce of the Hanfe towns was 

 now greatly decayed, n:iore efpecially thofe ports on the fouth fhores of 

 the Baltic fea ; and their antient fplendour and influence much abated. 

 The French kings, Louis XI, Charles VIII, Louis XII, and Francis I, 

 had beflowed great privileges on them. The Emperor Charles V had 

 great loans of money from them ; and King Henry III of England in- 

 corporated them at London as a trading gild, in acknowlegement of 

 their afli fiance in his naval wars, and alfo for money they had lent 

 him. But what availed all thefe confaderations under their now gene- 

 ral declenflon ? 



1623 — A new proclamation by King James, in the flile of his former 

 ones, prohibited eating flefli in lent, and on other fifh days; 'for the 

 ' maintenance of the navy and fnipping, a principal flrength of this 

 ' ifland ; and for the fparing and increale of flefh viduals.' \Foedera, V. 

 xvii, p. 447.] 



The king gave a grant to the Eall-India company, impowering their 

 prefidents and councils in India, or their council of defence there, to 

 punifli all crimes committed on land in India, either by martial or by 



* Much acn'mony appeared in this difpute, and Greeks and Romans, with now and then an He- 



alfo an afFcftation, in invitation of the king's pe- brew fentencc, lor tlie greater edification of iheiv 



dantry, of giving quotations from Gicek and Ro- readers, 

 man authors upon points utterly unknown to the _ ^ 



