A. D. 1634. 383 



Hty, from being paved with ftone, bi-ick, boards, fand, lime, or gravel, 

 and inftead thereof, enjoining, that they be laid with mellow earth, fit 

 for the generation of the mine of filtpetre, fo abfolutely needful for the 

 making of gunpowder. 



And by the next record ' he afTumed to himfelf the pre-emption of 

 ' all faltpetre made in England, as alfo the monopoly of gunpowder 



* made thereof.' 



More grants for exclufive or monopolizing offices in this fame year 

 were, one ' for fearching and fealing all foreign hops ;' another ' for 

 ' viewing and weighing all hay and flraw in loads or trufles j' and one 



* for branding and marking all butter calks-. [F^dera, V. xix, pp. 60 r, 

 603, 605, 606.] 



In this and the following year, 1635, Lord Baltimore fent fliips with 

 people and provifions to fettle and cultivate his province of Maryland, 

 the expenfe whereof amounted to at leafl L4.o,ooo *. 



1635 In the year 1635 the Dutch Eaft-India company invaded and 



conquered the large ifland of Formofa, near the Chinefe coafl, and ex- 

 pelled the Portuguefe from thence ; yet we lliall fee that twenty-fix 

 years after they were themfelves expelled thence by the Chinefe. 



King Charles in a proclamation obferves, that to this time there hath 

 been no certain intercourfe between the kingdoms of England and Scot- 

 land, and he now commands his poflmafler of England for foreign parts 

 to fettle a running pod or two, to run night and day, between Edin- 

 burgh and London, to go thither and come back again in fix days, and 

 to take with them all fuch letters as fliall be direded to any poft-town 

 in or near that road ; and that bye-pofts be placed at feveral places out 

 of the road, to bring in and carry out the letters from and to Lincoln, 

 Hull, and other places. The poftage was fixed at 2d the fingle letter, if 

 under 80 miles ; ^d, between 80 and 140 miles ; 6d, if above 140 miles ; 

 and upon the borders of Scotland and in Scotland 8i; and in propor- 

 tion for double letters and packets. The like rule alfo to be obferved 

 to Weft-Chefier, Holyhead, and thence to Ireland ; alfo to Plymouth, 

 Exeter, &c. on the weft road •: and as foon as poflible the like convey- 

 ance to be fettled for Oxford, Brifiol, and other places on the road ; al- 

 fo to ColcKefter, Norwich, and divers other places on that road. The 

 conveyances from London to Edinburgh, to Chefter and Holyhead, and 

 to Plymouth and Exeter, were ordered to begin the firft week after 

 Michaelmas next ; twopence halfpenny per mile to be paid on the roads 

 to the feveral poftmaflers for every fingle horfe carrying the letters. No 

 (Other melTengers nor foot-pofls were permitted to carry any letters but 



* The guardianB of his fucce-flbr, a minor, in a this funi, the interefl of which had never been re- 

 petition to parhament in I 7 15 E<<ainil a bill for re- ceived by any prollts from thence. However that 

 i;ulating the charter and proprietary governments might be, the province has been a fourcC of great 

 K) America, ftated Lord Baltimore's expenfes at revenue to the family afterwards-.. 



