480 A. D. 1659. 



blifhed in that country for providing for the poor, punifliing vagrants, 

 and fupprefling robberies, than had before been in ufe. 



But this benefit to Scotland was far from being confirmed after the 

 reftoration, though fo reafonable and beneficial. The firfl four, how- 

 ever, were wifely confirmed, as what the nation could not have been 

 eafy without, having before fo fully experienced their beneficial and 

 moft falutary effeds. 



1 660. — On the 3d of May 1 660, a final peace was concluded at the 

 monaftery of Oliva in Polifti Pruflia, between John Cafimir king of 

 Poland, and his confederates the Emperor Leopold, and Frederic Wil- 

 liam eledor of Brandenburg, on the one part, and Charles XI, king of 

 Sweden, on the other part, Louis XTV, king of France, being guaran- 

 tee. What is neceflary for us to obferve, is, the great additional weight 

 thrown into the fcale of Sweden, by Poland yielding to her the large, 

 fair, and fruitful, province of Livonia, moft of which, however, had 

 been long before conquered and poflefled by Sweden. On the other 

 fide, Sweden yielded to Poland the cities and forts flie held in Polifti 

 Pruffia. The emperor yielded to Holftein all that he held in that duchy, 

 and the eleftor of Brandenburgh yielded to Sweden all that he had held 

 in weftern Pomerania. 



We are now again returned to the legal conftitution of England, of 

 king, lords, and commons, by the reftoration of King Charles II on 

 the 29th of May, in this year 1660 : and the firft ad of parliament re- 

 lating to our fubjedl, is that for a fubfidy granted to him of tonnage 

 and poundage, and other fams of money payable upon merchandize 

 exported and imported : the preamble to which a&. runs thus, viz. 



' The commons afi^embled in parliament, repofing truft and confidence 

 ' in your majefty, in and for the guarding and defending of the feas 

 ' againft all perfons intending, or that fliall intend, the difturbance of 

 •' your faid commons in the intercourfe of trade, and the invading of 

 ' this your realm, for the better defraying the necefiary expenfes there- 

 ' of, which cannot otherwife be eflfefted without great charge to your 

 ' majefty, do, by and with the advice and confent of the lords *, in 

 ' this your prefent parliament afiembled, and by the authority of the 

 ' fame, to the intent aforefaid, give and grant imto you, our fupreme 

 ' liege lord and fovereign, one fubfidy called tonnage, that is to lay, of 

 ' every ton of wine of the growth of France, that fliall come into the 

 * port of London, by way of merchandize, by your natural born fub- 

 ' jeds, L4 : 10, and by ftrangers and aliens L6, and into the outports 

 ' L3 by natural born fubjeds, and by aliens L4:io; and for every 

 ' butt or pipe of mufcadels, malmfeys, gites, tents, alicants, baftards, 

 ' facks, canaries, malagas, maderasf, and other wines whatfoever, com- 



* The birtiops were ii'jt yet reiiiftated. yf. 



f Tin's is the firll time th's wine is mentioned by that name. >7. 



X 



