A. D. 1660. 489 



* of any other perfon, be hereby turned into free and common foccage, 



* from that time for ever.' By this ad alfo, purveyance of provifions, 

 &c. for the king's houfehold was taken away, fo as * no money or other 

 ' things fhall be taken, impofed, or levied, for any provifion, car- 



* riages, or purveyance for the crown. Nor Ihall the fubjed's timber, 



* fuel, corn, cattle, hay, ftraw, vidual, carts, carriage-horfes, &c. be 



* taken away without their free and full confent : neither fhall the 



* crown hereafter have any pre-emption, in market, or out of market; 

 ' but the fubjeds fhall freely buy and fell how, and to whom, they 



* pleafe, under proper penalties and forfeitures..' This famous law, 

 which took away all fervile tenures and dependencies on the king and 

 great lords, and abfolutely prevented the arbitrary treatment of the 

 people by the king's officers, under pretence of purveying or providing 

 for his table, journies, &c. was looked on as a fecond magna charta for 

 the people of England. It was therefor judged but reafonable that the 

 crown, which had hereby lofl many emoluments and much power and 

 influence, fhould be recompenfed fome other way : by this fame ad 

 therefor the duties of excife on malt-liquors, cyder, perry, mead, fpirits, 

 or ftrong waters, coffee, tea *, fherbet, and chocolate, were fettled on the 

 king during his life, by way of additional revenue to the tonnage and 

 poundage ad already recited. [12 Car. II, c. 24.] 



The parliament again prohibited the exportation of live Iheep, wool, 

 woollen yarn, and fullers' earth, of the produce of England and Ireland, 

 upon the forfeiture thereof, and of the fhips carrying them, and alfo a 

 penalty of 20/" for every fheep, and "^f for every pound of wool, and 

 three months imprifonment for the mafter of fuch fhip. A claufe was, 

 however, added in behalf of the ifles of Jerfey and Guernfey, Alderney, 

 and Sark, allowing them annually to export thither 3300 tods of un- 

 kemed wool, each tod not exceeding 32 pounds. [12 Car. II, c. 32.] 

 This licence, it is faid, gave birth to the great flocking-trade of thofe 

 illes, and thereby funk the flocking manufadure of Somerfetfhire, and 

 fome other parts of England. This was the firfl legal ad for the ex- 

 prefs and general prohibition of the exportation of wool by Englifli 

 fubjeds. Sundry additions and penalties have iince been enaded for 

 corroboration thereof; yet fuch is the force of the temptation to gain, 

 that to this day the complaints of exportation to France and Holland 

 are as loud as ever : and though numberlefs fchemes and propofals for 

 new laws and penalties have fo often been oflered to the public, yet 

 none of them have been hitherto judged pradicable in every refped. 



In this memorable year the parliament paffed an ad againft planting 



* According to an author quoted by Dr. John- ' tiiiued the fame till 1 707.' [Juln/on's Worts, V. 



ion, ' Tea was firll imported tVoni Holland by the x,^. 261, ed. 1787.] The afl of parliament lliewt 



' carls of Arlington and Oflory in 16S6. From that this author was miflakcn ; but it may be pre- 



' their ladies the women of quality learned its ufe. fumed, that the ufe of tea was very rare at ihis 



' Its price was then three pound a uound, and con- time. M. 



Vol. II. * 3 0^ 



