520 A. D. 1665. 



A violent peftilenco in the courfe of this year fwept off, in London 

 alone, 100,000 perfons, which was a terrible fhock to the commerce of 

 England. 



In an obftinate fea-fight this year between the Englifh and Dutch 

 fleets, both fides claimed the vidory, which fhews it was a doubtful con- 

 flict. They foon after met again, being about lOO fliips of war on each 

 iide, wlien the Englilh fleet, commanded by the duke of York, obtained 

 a real viclory, defl;roying 20 Dutch (hips of war. Soon after ■which, Sir 

 Robert Holmes btirnt 150 Dutch merchant fliips on the coaft of North 

 Holland, and two of their fliips of war. Yet in this flime year the 

 Dutch intuited oiu* own coafts, making defcents in feveral places. 



In the fame year the Dutch Eaft-India company's privileges were re- 

 newed for forty years longer. 



This year King Cliarles granted a fecond charter to the proprietors of 

 Carolina, whereby he extended their limits fouthward as far as 29 de- 

 degrees, fo that the mouth of the great river Miflifippi is included in 

 their grant, and to ^6'^ degrees north latitude. Thus they had now an 

 extent of 7-^ degrees, or about 450 miles along the coaft, fouth and north, 

 and an unknown fpace weftward to the South Tea. This fecond chai'ter 

 ftiles the grantees, ' the true and abfolute lords proprietors of the 

 • province and territory of Carolina ; faving always the faith, allegiance, 

 ' and fovereign dominion, due to us, our heirs, and fucceflbrs for the 

 ' fame ; to be held in free and common foccage, as of our manor of 

 ' Eaft Greenwich, in Kent ; yielding and paying to us and our fuccef- 

 ' fors, for the fame, the fourth part of all gold and filver ore found with- 

 ' in their limits, befides the yearly rent of 20 marks.' The patentees 

 were empowered to grant peculiar titles of honour to great planters in 

 Carolina, fo as they fliould not be the fame as in England ; and, in con- 

 fequence of this claufe, they accordingly, at different times, conferred 

 the titles of caciques and landgraves, the former an Indian dignity, the 

 later a German one. The patentees had alfo the power to enjoy quit- 

 rents, and alfo reafonable cuftoms on merchandize ; but not without the 

 confent and approbation of the freemicn of the colony. Alfo to eredt 

 forts, to incorporate towns and cities, to train foldiers, &c. 



The noble patentees immediately fet about planting that delightful 

 country ; and all freemen who fettled there had 50 acres of land grant- 

 ed to them for themlelves, and 50 more for each man-fervant ; alfo 50 

 acres for each marriageable wo man-fervant, and 40 for unmarriageable 

 ones. Covenant fervants, when out of their time, to have 50 acres alfo 

 given them. The firft embarkation coft the proprietors Li 2,000. The 

 fundamental conltitutions of its government were framed by the truely 

 great John Locke, founded on the moft juft and generous principles, 

 and calculated for encouraging men of all perfuafions to fettle therein. 

 The eldeft of thofe lords proprietors had the title of palatine ; in whom, 



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