THE BIRDS OF HELIGOLAND 249 



the fore-neck are of similar colour; several rows of the black 

 triangular spots characteristic of the Thrushes run down from the 

 lower mandible, merging into each other ; and smaller spots of 

 the same kind are found scattered on the throat and forehead, very 

 frequently, too, on the upper part of the grey-clouded upper breast ; 

 here they merge with rows of spots, so as to form large blackish- 

 brown spots on the sides. The upper breast and flanks of the 

 bird are marked on the same plan as in the Fieldfare i.e. the 

 feathers of the head are blackish-brown this colour passing into a 

 dull ferruginous colour at the sides of the breast and flanks, all 

 the feathers having dark grey edges, those of the upper breast 

 being very narrow, but becoming very broad further down so as 

 almost to hide the ground colour. Towards the middle of the 

 breast some of the feathers have small, blackish, kidney-shaped 

 spots. The middle of the breast and the abdomen are of a dull 

 white, the under tail-coverts dark ferruginous colour, their shafts 

 being whitish, and their tips having white spots so large as almost 

 to completely hide the rust colour of the ground. 



In general the bird nowhere shows any approach to the oliva- 

 ceous grey colouring of the upper parts of the other Thrushes, nor 

 does its dark ferruginous (rostroth) coloration approximate to the 

 beautiful orange brown (rostorange) of Naumann's Thrush. 



The measurements of the bird caught here, taken from the 

 freshly-killed example, are as follows : Total length, 9'05 ins. 

 (230 mm.) ; length of wing in repose, 5*31 ins. (135 mm.) ; length 

 of tail, 4*41 ins. (112 mm.); length of tail uncovered by wings, 

 1-65 in. (42 mm.) ; length of beak, -59 in. (15 mm.) ; length of 

 tarsus, 1-06 in. (27 mm.). 



Before the capture of the above-named Thrush in my garden 

 on the 1 Oth of October, I had seen in the same place on the 8th, a 

 Yellow-browed Warbler (Sylvia superciliosa) ; on the llth, a Little 

 Bunting (Emberiza pusilla) was shot ; while the Siberian Chiffchaff 

 (S. tristis), and S. superciliosa, were seen on the same day ; on the 

 25th, a beautiful S. superciliosa was shot, and on the following 

 day an example of the same species and one of E. pusilla were 

 seen. A S. superciliosa had already been observed on the 16th ; 

 on the 17th, hundreds of thousands of Siskins covered the whole 

 island, and passed in cloud-like droves; and on the same day I 

 obtained a young grey autumn bird of the Rosy Pastor (Sturnus 

 roseus). 



Seebohm, in the course of his interesting Siberian voyage, found 

 some nests of this Thrush on the Lower Jenesei ; thence its breed- 

 ing range extends eastwards through northern Asia. 



