370 THE BIRDS OF HELIGOLAND 



170. Yellow Bunting [GOLDAMMER]. 

 EMBERIZA CITRINELLA, Linn. 



Heligolandish : Gjiihl Kliitjer= Yellow Bunting. 



Mmberiza citrinella. Naumann, iv. 234. 



Yellow Bunting. Dresser, iv. 171. 



Bruant jaune. Temininck, Manuel, i. 304, iii. 218. 



The Yellow Bunting does not appear here in large flocks, but 

 nevertheless is one of the commonest birds of this island, being 

 present in varying numbers at all seasons of the year. Scattered 

 examples occur among the vanguard of the great host of spring 

 migrants as early as March and April, while the bird passes on 

 migration throughout all the autumn months, and even in the 

 middle of winter; at which time small numbers are always met 

 with among the enormous flocks of all possible kinds of granivorous 

 birds which frequently cover the island during sudden and heavy 

 snowfalls. 



The breeding range of the Yellow Bunting extends from 

 northern Spain and France, through the whole of central and 

 northern Europe, and in Asia as far as the Jenesei. In the north 

 it extends to the northernmost parts of Scandinavia; and, since 

 Wolley saw it arriving in upper Lapland during the autumn 

 migration by an east-to-west route, it must also nest in the same 

 high latitudes in European and Asiatic Russia. 



171. Yellow-breasted Bunting [WEIDENAMMER]. 

 EMBERIZA AUREOLA, Pallas. 



Emberiza aureola. Naumann, xiii. ; Blasius, Nachtrage, 166. 



Yellow-breasted Bunting. Dresser, iv. 223. 



Bruant aureole. Temminck, Manuel, iii. 232. 



Although I have obtained three examples of this Bunting in 

 Heligoland, I have hitherto not succeeded in securing the very 

 handsomely-marked male bird. The examples in my collection 

 consist of two young birds shot on the 18th of September 1852, and 

 the 5th of November 1864 respectively, and an old female killed 

 here on the 8th of July 1870. 



The breeding range of this species extends from the north of 

 European Russia, through the whole of Siberia to Kamtschatka, 

 With the exception of a few individuals killed in Italy the bird 

 does not as yet appear to have been observed in central Europe. 



