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Bibliographical Notices. 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
An Introduction to Botany. By J. Linpuey, Ph.D., F.R.S. Fourth 
Edition, with Corrections and numerous Additions. 
Dr. Linpuiry’s well-known Manual now makes its appearance in 
two considerable volumes, another proof, if such were wanting, of 
the increasing interest for botany in this country. This edition may 
almost-be regarded as a new work compared with its predecessors, 
little remaining unaltered but the plan and illustrations, its principal 
value arising from its containing a carefully collected mass of quo- 
tations from almost all the more important memoirs and reports 
published during the interval since the former edition was printed. 
~ Under these circumstances, we have to speak of the execution of 
the work more than of original subject-matter, and to indicate the 
manner in which the author has dealt with his materials. 
In the first place must be mentioned with all praise the extremely 
lucid manner in which Dr. Lindley realizes and expresses the various 
doctrines he has to communicate ; we have, probably, few scientific 
writers who excel him in this respect. 
With regard to the first part of the work, treating of elementary 
structure, the recent investigations on the subject are very fully 
given in the form of extracts from our own pages, the Ray reports 
and similar sources. We may notice one error retained from the 
former edition, affirming what would be a strange anomaly if 
correct, viz. (i. p. 142) the quotation from the ‘ Ann. des Sc.,’ that 
Nerium Oleander and other plants have cavities in the cuticle in lieu 
of stomates; the fact being that the _stomates are situated in the 
walls of cavities in the leaves. 
At page 266 (vol. i.) Dr. Lindley states that-he does not see how 
Schleiden’s views ‘‘ affect the distinction stated to exist between 
Exogens and Endogens, or offer any valid objection to the employ- 
ment of those terms.” Now it is or should be a canon in termino- 
logy that one word should have only one meaning, and since those 
two words, Exogens and Endogens, have been used to express a 
distinction mistakenly assumed to exist, to retain and apply them on 
different grounds is surely inadmissible. To exogenous growth as 
existing in Dicotyledons, there is no corresponding or rather oppo- 
site process in Monocotyledons, to allow of the antithetical term, 
endogenous growth, the gruwth of Monocotyledons differing from 
that of the first year of Dicotyledons in points not at all contem- 
plated by the author of the expressions in question. 
In vol. ii. p. 82 e¢ seg. we have a long discussion on the questions 
whether flowerless plants have sexes or seeds. Dr. Lindley is not 
inclined to admit their existence, but he concedes the idea of sexual- 
ity in the view taken by Mr. Thwaites; on the ground that “it is 
not so much the mere presence of sexes, or of a mysterious sexual 
essence, that is denied, as that the organs called sexual in flowerless 
plants are of the same, or a similar, nature as those known to be 
sexes in the higher orders.” It seems to us that this is rather a 
