460 Prof. Reid on the Vogmarus Islandicus. 
the spinous processes, can be ascertained by external examination 
when the colouring matter of the skin has been rubbed off, and 
may be useful in identifying the species, I have subjoined a few 
such measurements. Immediately behind the occiput the spinous 
processes are decidedly longer than the interneural spines. 
From lateral line From lateral line From points of 
to lower margin to points of spi- spinous pro- 
of body. nous processes. cess to upper 
In inches. margin of 
Five inches behind occiput (measured body. 
along lateral line)... . 0.0... cc ccceccese 44, 3 275 
Ten inches behind occiput ............ 455 3 3 
Midway between vent and occiput ... 433, 235 475 
Opposite Went, snccadckonns esdanavencaes 445 2 45 
Midway between vent and termination 
of caudal vertebr2e.........cccce.eseees 235 14 258 
Nine inches from termination of cau- 
dal vertebrae) scsa aes inc Guise. 1,8; 04% 15 
The great length of the interneural spines causes the spinal 
column to be placed nearer the inferior than the superior edge of 
the body through the greater part of its length. 
In the intermaxillary bones of the upper jaw there were seven 
small, conical, curved and reclined teeth, the apices of which 
projected backwards, situated about ;4ths of an inch from the 
anterior margin of the jaw. In the lower jaw there were four 
teeth on the right side and two on the left, placed near the an- 
terior margin of the jaw. Three of these on the right side were 
in a row, while the fourth, which was smaller, was placed be- 
tween them and the anterior margin of the jaw. There were 
appearances of a tooth having lately been displaced from the left 
side of the lower jaw. The largest of these teeth measured ,%,ths 
of an inch along their convex edge, while their apices were only 
elevated ;',th of an inch above the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. There were two teeth on the anterior part of the vomer, 
one considerably smaller than the other, and immediately in front 
of the larger, placed in the mesial line of the head, nearly of the 
same size as those in the jaws, also curved backwards, but more 
erect than those in the jaws. The outer edges of the two supe- 
rior pharyngeal bones were also provided with curved sharp- 
pointed teeth, the apices of which looked inwards towards their 
fellows of the opposite side. These were longer, more erect, and 
not so thick at their base as those of the jaws. Two rows of 
processes—from six to twelve in number in each row—arranged 
along the convex edge of each branchial arch, one row springing 
directly from that edge, the other formed of smaller processes, 
placed immediately below this and springing from the upper part 
of the posterior surface of the arch, were furnished with small, 
sharp-pointed, slightly curved teeth. No teeth were observed in 
any other situation than those named above, viz. the intermax- 
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