462 Prof. Reid on the Vogmarus Islandicus. 
and the mucous membrane there presented numerous prominent 
villi. The pyloric portion of the stomach was curved, the con- 
vexity looking backwards and the concavity forwards ; it con- 
tracted gradually and terminated by opening through a narrow 
orifice (pyloric orifice), which projected into the commencement 
of the duodenum. The duodenum (fig. 17) or first portion of 
the small intestine ran forwards along the lower edge of the 
cesophagus for 9 inches, having its external surface closely sur- 
rounded by numerous aggregated ceca (fig. 1d). These czea 
were each about an inch in length, their shut extremities directed 
backwards and their open mouths forwards, were longer at the 
commencement of the duodenum than at its termination, and 
opened by numerous orifices arranged im no regular order upon 
the inner surface of the duodenum* (fig. 17). The duodenum 
became narrower at its termination. At its commencement its cir- 
cumference, as ascertained by measuring it across when slit open, 
was +2ths of an inch, at its middle 1 inch, and at its termimation 
;;ths of an inch. The portion of the small intestine (fig. 1 e) 
in which the duodenum terminated ran forwards for about an 
inch in the same line with the duodenum, then turned suddenly 
upon itself, and proceeded backwards along the lower edge of the 
mass formed by the ceca; and immediately beyond the posterior 
extremity of the ceca it terminated in the large intestine by a 
narrow round orifice formed by a funnel-shaped projection of the 
mucous membrane of the small intestine downwards into the 
commencement of the large intestine (fig. 1h). The large in- 
testine (fig. 1m) proceeded straight backwards until it had 
arrived nearly opposite the vent, when it bent downwards to 
reach the anal orifice. The walls of the stomach and ceso- 
phagus were considerably thicker than those of that portion 
of the digestive tube placed below the termination of the duo- 
denum, and measured about ;4,th of an inch. The walls of the 
duodenum were thinner than those of the cesophagus, but thicker 
than those of the portion of the digestive tube beyond it. The 
inner surface of the mucous membrane of the small intestine pre- 
sented a slight reticulated appearance, while that of the large m- 
testine was thrown into numerous short and small longitudinal 
folds. The stomach and intestines were nearly empty, containing 
only a small quantity of slimy matter. 
The spleen (fig. 1 0) was very small and round in form, was 
placed between the stomach and the terminating part of the small 
intestine, and was overlapped by the posterior ceca. 
The liver extended across the lower surface of the anterior por- 
* Valenciennes, in his account of the Trachypterus leiopterus, describes 
the cca opening into the duodenum in that animal “ presque sur deux 
rangées paralléles et opposées.”’ shi 
