Prof. Reid on the Vogmarus Islandicus. 463 
tion of the cesophagus for 23 inches, and stretched backwards 
for other 3 inches along the left side of that tube, so that on the 
left side it measured 5} inches. The gall-bladder was large. 
The kidneys were 14 inches in length, were not lobulated, 
were much larger at their anterior extremity, and narrow and 
cord-like at their middle and lower parts. Their anterior extre- 
mity was placed close to the base of the cranium, and was com- 
pressed laterally and elongated from above downwards. Their 
middle and lower portions were inclosed in a canal formed by 
the transverse processes of the vertebre and the dense fibrous 
membrane connecting these processes together, and the two kid- 
neys were only separated from each other by a thin membranous 
partition. The ureters entered the cavity of the abdomen, about 
2 inches below the lower end of the kidneys, by perforating the 
aponeurotic membrane which separates the kidneys from the 
cavity of the abdomen ; they then continued their course back- 
wards, having been united to form a single tube, along the upper 
surface of the abdomen, tied closely down to the aponeurotic 
membrane lining the abdomen. This tube, about 23 inches be- 
fore its termination on the external surface of the body, became 
suddenly dilated to between twice and three times its former 
calibre, and this continued for 1 inch of its course, forming a 
small urmary bladder. The urinary tube terminated in an open- 
ing immediately behind the anal orifice. 
The ovaries measured 15 inches in length, were flattened, and 
their greatest breadth was %ths of an inch, and their average 
breadth about ;&ths of an inch. At first sight there appeared to 
be only one ovary, but on closer examination it was found to con- 
sist of two plicated bands of a light yellow colour—each consti- 
tuting an ovarl1um—occupying the edges, while the central part 
was formed only of the fold of peritoneum inclosing them. The 
ova were all in a very early stage of their development. The 
ovaries in the posterior part of their course were closely united 
to the ureter. As they were broken across accidentally at the lower 
part, I did not succeed in tracing the oviduct ; but finding a duct 
joining itself to the urinary canal near its termination, I thought 
it probable that this was the termination of the oviduct. No 
air-bladder was present. 
Vertebral Column.—The vertebral column was destitute of 
osseous texture, and contained 97 vertebre—38 abdominal and 
59 caudal—each of which was hollowed out before and behind 
into a cup-shaped cavity. Their lateral external surfaces pre- 
sented, in general, each five longitudinal slightly elevated ridges, 
and the articulating edges of the cup-shaped cavities were a little 
more prominent than the middle part of the vertebra. In the 
bodies of the caudal vertebra a prominent longitudinal ridge oc- 
