HARDY SHRUBS. 151 



varieties suffered with the thermometer standing at 10 degrees F. three 

 or four were left untouched. C. latifolia. C. angustfolia and C. eaucasiea 

 are the hardiest. In situations which induce growth late in Summer, or 

 late enough not to ripen thoroughly, the growths are almost certain to 

 get nipped by frost. This species is called" the English Laurel; it is not 

 native of England, but of the Levant. Propagation is effected by layers 

 or cuttings, preferably the latter, as they will root in pretty large pieces 

 — over a foot in length. The rarer varieties should be grafted on stocks 

 of the common one. Cuttings will succeed any time after the wood is 

 ripe; a piece of the wood of the preceding year attached will give all the 

 better results. 



CERCIS JAPONICA (Red Bud, Judas Tree).— This species has lighter 

 colored and larger flowers than either the American or European spe- 

 cies, C. canadensis and C. siliquastrum. Some of the original plants 

 brought to this country from Japan are in the parks at Washington, 

 and seldom does a season pass in which the branches are not completely 

 hidden by the flowers. I have never seen it ripen seeds, however, and 

 do not know if it does so in other localities. It takes kindly to layer- 

 ing. The other species seed very abundantly. C. japonica in this locality 

 does not grow over 8 feet in height. 



CHIMONANTHUS FRAGRANS (Calycanthus praecox).— The flowers of 

 this shrub are produced on the wood of the previous year's growth long 

 before the leaves are developed. In this locality it often blooms duriug 

 the end of January. It is not reliably hardy north of Washington, as 

 all of our plants were killed to the snow line during the Winter of 1898 

 and 1899. Previous to that time it had remained unhurt for a long 

 number of years. It is a trifle slow to increase from cuttings of the 

 ripened wood, doing better from the half-ripe wood, with the foliage 

 attached. Large plants are secured in a short period by layering in 

 midsummer. The species and its variety C. f. grandiflora are grown 

 solely on account of the wonderful perfume emitted by the rather incon- 

 spicuous flowers. Cut in the bud state they open out well if kept 

 indoors with the stems in water. 



CHIONANTHUS VIRQINICA (Fringe Tree).— A native shrub sometimes 

 growing to a height of 30 feet; but specimens will give an abundance 

 of bloom when only a few feet high. The flowers are disposed in droop- 

 ing panicles, are pure white in color and very graceful. It is raised from 

 seed and by budding on stocks of Fraxinus ornus. 



CISTUS VILLOSUS.— Plants of this species have survived the past two 

 Winters in Washington, during which we frequently had zero weather. 

 For the Southern States, this and other species should be given a trial, 

 as they are very handsome shrubs, with large white or purple flowers, 

 somewhat resembling a single rose. Cuttings root freely, under cool 

 treatment, late in Summer. 



CITRUS TRIFOLIATA.— As a dwarfing stock this is used extensively 

 for budding and grafting the different varieties of oranges, and for a 

 hedge plant, one that will make an almost impenetrable barrier, scarcely 

 any other subject will answer so well. But its usefulness is yet by no 



