28 



MAKING HORTICULTURE PAY 



MARKER AND FLAT 



tomatoes, peppers, etc. 

 The young plants are 

 put at distances of, say, 

 2 inches, to develop 

 abundant roots, and to 

 become stocky. In order 

 to get them at even in- 

 tervals, a marker is often 



used as shown in the illustration. 



SIMPLE METHODS OF GRAFTING 



In grafting the simplest method is the cleft. 

 This method is most commonly employed in large 

 trees. The stock or main limb is sawed off at 

 right angles to the direction of its growth. A cleft 

 is made in the end and a scion whittled in narrow 

 wedge shape is thrust into this cleft, which is held 

 open by a wedge until the scion is in place, then 

 the exposed surfaces are covered with grafting wax. 



BUDDING KNIFE 



This is made by melting one part of tallow and two 

 of beeswax with four of rosin in a kettle, and when 

 melted, pouring into a pail of cold water and work- 

 ing with the greased hands until the stuff resem- 

 bles taffy. 



The two essential points in all grafting methods 

 are to have the growth layer (cambium) of both 

 stock and scion come in contact and to exclude 

 the air. The growth layer is between the bark 



