27 



to be taken out, and all roots of trees, and of perennial 

 weeds, are carefully to be extracted and cleared away. 

 When the soil is not tolerably good to the depth of two 

 feet, it will generally be proper to remove a portion of 

 the subsoil ; and its place should be made up by a pro- 

 portional quantity of turf or fresh loam from the fields. 

 If the subsoil be. gravel, and the upper layer sandy, the 

 additional eartb should be clayey loam, or the scourings 

 of ditches; but if the original body of soil be of a com- 

 pact texture, the materials introduced should be mixed 

 with sand, marl, and other light opening substances.' 

 "When the Avhole ground has been thus treated, a mode- 

 rate liming will, in general, be useful. After this, sup- 

 posing the work to have occupied most of the summer 

 and autumn, the whole may be' laid up in ridges, and- 

 left in this state for several months, to expose as great 

 a surface as possible to the action of the winter's frost. 

 The draining, trenching, and other operations here 

 recommended, will unavoidably be attended with consi- 

 derable expense, and this expense will not immediately 

 be followed by any perceptible beneficial result. The 

 lapse of a few years, hov^'ever, will develojD the vast 

 advantages of such a mode of procedure, which, if it 

 have been neglected at first, cannot be practiced at a 

 subsequent period but with indifferent success, and not 

 without an increase of cost and labor. 



Manures^ (^"c. — In enumerating the general append- 

 ages of gai'dens, it m'ay be proper to say something of 

 manures ; but we do not consider it necessary to enter 

 into minute details on this subject. Where there are 

 extensive melon-grounds, an abundance of stable and 

 other litter is required ; and this substance, in its 

 partially decomposed state, as afforded by exhausted 



