28 FRUIT AXD KITCHEN GARDEN. 



hot-beds, supplies a manure well adapted to aid the 

 processes of vegetation. Decayed leaves, "which are 

 plentiful where there are extensive pleasure-grounds, 

 and -which should be carefully swept together, and col- 

 lected into a heap in the autumnal months, also form 

 an excellent manure for many purposes. Some prac- 

 tical men prefer composts to simple dungs, or such 

 substances as have undergone fermentation. For fruit- 

 trees, turf from rich pastures, mixed with vegetable 

 earth, is perhaps the best stimulant that can be applied. 

 It is questionable whether any sort of trees are per- 

 manently benefited by the application of crude manures 

 to their roots; and it is certain that many have been 

 irremediably injured by this practice. But whatever 

 caution may be necessary in their use, the prudent 

 horticulturist will find it expedient to pay constant at- 

 tention to the collection and accumulation of manures. 

 Liquid manures, or the drainings of the stable and cow- 

 house, are valuable, yet too often neglected. To, fix 

 the ammonia, Professor Liebig recommends their being 

 passed through a filter, formed of fragments of gypsum, 

 which should be occasionally renewed. The garden 

 cannot go on long without manures; for ground which 

 is exhausted by continual cropping requires to be con- 

 tinually repaired. A compartment for the preparation 

 of manure, and storing of vegetable, and heathy, or 

 other soils, is necessary; and part of it should be 

 covered with a shed, so that moderately dry earth-may 

 not be wanting for the early forcing of cucumbers and 

 melons in the spring, and for similar purposes. 



Internal Arrangement. — In gardens of the superior 

 class, a considerable portion of the north wall, or of 

 the cross-wall, is covered in front with glazed struc- 



