PLANTING. 47 



soil is finely pulverized ; and in the&^p the trees are 

 placed, their roots being spread out and intermingled 

 with the earth. Shallow planting is strongly recom- 

 mended; two or three inches of soil bein^ in general a 

 sufficient covering. The doucin or French paradise 

 stocks are preferable for this reason, that they throw 

 out delicate fibres which readily" spread along the sur- 

 face, instead of bundles of hard roots which generally 

 characterize crab stocks. On filling up the hole, a sur- 

 face of at least an equal size is mulched, that is, covered 

 with dung or litter, so as to restrain evaporation, and 

 preserve moisture. In the. case of wall-trees, a space 

 of five or six inches is usually left between the stem at 

 the insertion of the roots and the wall, to allow for the 

 effects of growth. Young standard trees are tied to 

 stakes, to prevent their roots being ruptured -by the 

 wind-waving of the stems. During the dry weather of 

 the first summer, the trees should be watered from 

 time to time as occasion may require. 



, The selection and distribution of the different kinds 

 of fruit-trees is an important and interesting point in 

 the formation of- a garden. Regard must necessarily 

 be had to local situation and climate, as the selection 

 ought manifestly to be different for a garden in the 

 south-west of England, and for one in Yorkshire or in 

 Scotland. The finer varieties of French and Flemish 

 pears require and deserve a good aspect, as also the 

 early sorts of cherries. The later cherries, and the 

 generality of plums, succeed very well either oh an east 

 or west aspect, in Scotland : and here the mulberry re-, 

 quires the protection of a wall, and several of the finer 

 apples do not arrive at perfection without it. 



The wall- trees which are intended to be permanent 



