TRAINING. 



53 



ber of shoots are produced in the beginning of each sum- 

 mer, out of which three are selected: one is trained in 

 the original direction of the stem, and one on each side 

 of it, parallel to the base of the wall. By pinching off 

 the point of the leading shoot about midsummer, another 

 pair may be obtained in autumn. In luxuriant trees, 

 the vertical shoot may be left two feet in length, by 

 which means, and by summer pruning, four pairs of 

 branches may sometimes be added in one season. The 

 great object, at first, ought to be to draw the stem up- 

 w^ards : when it has reached the top of the wall, it is 

 made to divaricate into two, and the tree, thus completed 

 as to its height, is henceforth suffered to increase in 

 breadth only. Horizontal training is best adapted to 

 those trees which produce strong shoots, as the Ribston 

 Pippin apple, or the Gansel's Bergamot pear. For the 

 more twiggy kinds, the form represented in Fig. 7 is 

 more suitable. In this the horizontal branches are 

 eighteen or twenty inches distant, and the small shoots 



Fi-; 7. 



Fffrmm 

 wm 



TTTTTfWm 



are trained in between them, either on both sides, as 

 below letter a in the figure, or on the under side and 



