APPLES. 145 



Some excellent new varieties of, apples have of late 

 years been produced both in England and Scotland. 

 Mr. Hardy of Bothkenner, by crossing the Court of Wick 

 Pippin with the Nonpareil, ha? raised seedlings partak- 

 ing of the good qualities of both parents, and these have 

 received the warmest approval of the Scottish Horticul- 

 tural Society. 



It may be mentioned, that information respecting the 

 fruits cultivated for the manufacture of cider and perry 

 may be obtained in the Pomona Herefordiensis, pub- 

 lished by Mr. Knight, and illustrated with engravings 

 by the late Mr. W. Hooker. Cider is principally made 

 in Herefordshire and Gloucestershire, which are called 

 the cider counties ; but much also is produced in Devon- 

 shire. For the encouragement of its manufacture in 

 Scotland, premiums have been offered by the Caledonian 

 Horticultural Society, but little good Scottish cider has 

 hitherto appeared. 



Several kinds of stocks are used for apple-trees. The 

 Dutch Paradise, propagated by layers, has long been 

 used as a stock for Dwarf apple-trees, whether intended 

 for the wall or for standards. The Doucin of the French 

 seems closely allied to this, if not identical with it. The 

 bur-knot varieties inx^reased by cuttings, or young cod- 

 lin plants procured from layers, furnish convenient 

 stocks for trees from which it is hoped to procure desir- 

 able seedlings. For common purposes, the stocks raised 

 from the pips of crabs or of cider apples are preferred. 

 Stocks kept one or two years in nursery-lines are fit for 

 grafjting upon ; but if- a considerably tall steni be 

 wished, they must remain three or four years in the 

 nursery, and be pruned up, till they attain five or six 

 feet of height. In the Dutch nurseries, where apple- 



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