QUINCE. 149 



Apple, Red Astraclian, Vandervere, Bullock's Pippin, 

 Swaar. 



Under favorable circumstances of climate and soil, 

 the apple-tree attains to great age. In Herefordshire, 

 England, th^re are said to be trees 1000 years old. 

 The ordinary, or perhaps average duration of healthy 

 trees grafted on crab stocks and planted in a strong tena- 

 cious soil, has been computed by Mr. Knight — a great 

 English authority upon such subjects— at 200 years. 

 Old trees headed down to standard height, the branches 

 being topped off within a foot or two of the trunk, and 

 the young shoots grafted upon, may thus be made pro- 

 ductive in a very short time. 



There are three kinds of the Paradise apple used by 

 nurserymen for grafting upon to produce dwarf trees. 

 The smallest is commonly known as the French Para- 

 dise. Next comes -the common English Paradise, which 

 is rather larger, and the largest of all the dwarf Para- 

 dise apples is what the French call Doucin. 



The QuixcE {Pyrus Cydonia)^ allied to the apple, is 

 a native of the south of Germany. It is but little cul- 

 tivated in Britain. The fruit, which is austere when raw, 

 is well calculated for giving flavor and poignancy to 

 stewed or baked apples. The two principal sorts are 

 the Portugal Quince and the Pear Quince, of which the 

 latter is the most productive, whik it serves the usual 

 culinary purposes equally well as the other. Quinces 

 may be propagated by layers, or by cuttings, or by 

 graftings. Two or three trees planted in the slip or 

 orchard are in general sufficient. In Scotland, the fruit 

 seldom approaches maturity, unless favored by a wall. 



In the United States, the quince grows almost every- 



