152 FRUIT GARDEN. 



vor for many months. The mulberry is propagated 

 by cuttings or by layers, but, to expedite the production 

 of fruit, it is useful to inarch small bearing branches on 

 stocks prepared in flower-pots. Mulberry standard trees 

 succeed only in the southern counties. These require 

 no other training than an occasional thinning out of the 

 branches. They are generally planted on grassy lawns, 

 so that when ripe fruit falls from the higher branches, it 

 can be gathered up without having sustained injury. In 

 the middle districts, espalier rails may be employed, 

 particularly under the reflection of a south wall. In 

 colder situations, the mulberry must be treated as a 

 wall-ti:ee ; and it has been recommended that the bear- 

 ing shoots should be trained perpendicularly downwards. 

 Mr. Knight strongly advises the forcing of this fruit in 

 flower-pots, much in the same way as is done with figs. 

 The mulberry as a fruit is little known in Scotland ; but 

 a few aged trees exist in old gardens, and in favorable 

 seasons afi'ord their berries. 



The Hazel [Corylus Avellana), one of the indigen- 

 ous edible nuts of England, is the original parent of the 

 red and white Filbert, Cobnut, Crossford-nut, Frizzled, 

 Spanish, and other improved varieties. These succeed 

 best on a rich dry loam, oarefully worked, and receiv- 

 ing from time to time a slight manuring. They are 

 generally planted in the slip, but thrive best in a quar- 

 ter by themselves. The varieties are propagated by 

 layers or by suckers ; but where there are stocks of the 

 common hazel, the other kinds may be grafted upon 

 them. The Cosford is generally preferred, being thin- 

 shelled, and having a kernel of high flavor. If the 

 Filbert or the Cosford be grafted on small stocks of the 



