HERBACEOUS PLANTS. 259 



at midsummer, so as to allow time for the develop- 

 ment of new shoots; if done in the autumn there can 

 be no roses next season. In Scotland it is suited only 

 for the conservatory. When the^ rosary is extensive, it 

 is judicious to intersperse some of the most showy hol- 

 lyhocks ; for thus the beauty of the quarter is main- 

 tained in the later months of autumn, when the roses 

 are chiefly past. Of late years-, q[uantities of standard 

 roses have been imported from the Continent. These 

 are the finer sorts, budded on tall stalks of the wild 

 species, such as R. villosa and canina. They are well 

 adapted to stand singly on the little lawns in flower- 

 gardens, or to break the uniformity of low flower bor- 

 ders. 



All shrubs nearly may be propagated by layers, some 

 by budding or grafting, many by separating the roots. 

 In planting out, shrubs may be arranged either singly 

 or in masses; the latter method is perhaps the most 

 efficient in the production of efl'ect, but it should not be 

 very servilely adhered to, as it is apt to produce mono- 

 tony. Some kinds should never appear in masses; 

 the white Portugal broom, for instance, when so ar- 

 ranged, gives a limy tint to a garden. Perhaps it is 

 better that groups should contain a predominance of 

 one shrub, set off by a few others of a contrasting 

 figure or color, than that they should be entirely homo- 



IIERBACEOUS PLANTS. 



Common perennial flowers, whether^ strictly herba- 

 ceous or bulbous, aff"ord the principal materials for floral 

 decoration. Eotany supplies, as it were, the colors 



