32 Southern Gardener's Practical Manual 



same material fitted across where the edges of the sash 

 meet, serve the double purpose of affording slides for the 

 sash and strengthening the sides of the wall. I have 

 used one constructed in this way for seven years. One 

 cross wall inclosing one sash space, or two if desired, 

 may be used as a hotbed and the balance as a cold- 

 frame. If glass is considered too costly, cloth, made for 

 this purpose, may be used with reasonably good results. 

 No garden is complete without a liberal area under 

 coldframes. Many species of plants grown in the flower 

 yard may be started in the frame and thus brought for- 

 ward for early blooming. Early violets sell for a cent 

 each in cities. They are thus very profitably forwarded 

 in the coldframe. 



GARDEN TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS 



First -class work cannot be done without proper 

 equipment in tools and implements. Working with poor 

 tools is poor economy. 



If the turnplow is used in breaking squares or paral- 

 lelograms, commence in the center. Establish the center 

 by sighting diagonally from corner to corner. Where 

 these diagonals meet is the geometrical center of the 

 area. If it is square, begin at the center, preserving the 

 square form until the whole area is broken. By this 

 means neither the team nor the plowman tramps the 

 broken soil, while by the old method, all turning at the 

 corners is done on the broken land and the bed is left 

 lower in the center than at the sides, with a depression 

 leading from the center to each corner if the lot is 



