Botanical Notices from Spain. 119 
the level of the sea,—the highest on the north side of the Sierra 
Nevada. In spite of its lofty position, one might fancy oneself 
in the neighbourhood of Granada, this village being surrounded by 
the most luxuriant vegetation of the warmregion. Fig- and almond- 
trees raise their heads in the dells, even in the mountain region, 
and are almost to be considered wild here, while the slope of the 
valley lying to the north of the village is partly clothed with luxu- 
riant chestnut trees, succeeded by an extensive wood of Quercus Ilex. 
The whole valley of the Jenil, the chief river of the north, is con- 
siderably wider and deeper than that of the Monachil and Dilar, and 
therefore much warmer. The banks of the river are bordered, from 
Granada to a league above Guejar, with thick woods of Salix alba, L., 
Populus nigra and alba, Ulmus campestris, L., and Celtis australis, L., 
which latter tree occurs in countless numbers in the immediate en- 
virons of the village. ‘The underwood consists of the already-men- 
tioned Rubus, Coriaria myrtifolia, Daphne Gnidium and Retama sphe- 
rocarpa, while the numerous impenetrable hedges are composed ex- 
clusively of Rubus hispanicus and Eleagnus angustifolia, with a spe- 
cies of Clematis, Tamus communis, L., and Asparagus albus, L., running 
over them. Feniculum vulgare, Gertn., with other Umbellifere, 
are plentiful along the river. In some places Hypericum baticum, 
Boiss., Chiora perfoliata, L., &c. Mentha rotundifolia, L., is most 
abundant in moist shady spots, in company with Huphorbie, species 
of Atriplex and Chenopodium, Plumbago europea, l.., Origanum virens, 
Lk. et Hottmsegg., Heliotropium europeum, L., and Althea cannabina, 
L. On the rugged cliffs of marble I found a Dianthus common, 
with Bupleurum gibraltaricum, Lam., and in the shady dells to the 
northward Hypericum Caprifolium, Boiss., Pyrethrum Parthenium, L., 
Lithospermum officinale, L.., Epilobium hirsutum, L. On dry sandy 
places, in sunny fields and on the road-sides grew Senecio linifolius, L., 
ascending as far as the alpine region, Picnomon Acarna, Cass., with 
other thistles, and in a single place, Cynara alba, Boiss. For the 
rest, the vegetation is exactly the same as in the other parts of the 
limestone alps. 
Very different from the above-described vegetation of the limestone 
districts of the Sierra Nevada is that of the primary rocks, which 
begins at a height of about 4000 to 5000 feet. ‘The flora of the 
lower mountain region agrees tolerably with that of the moun- 
tain limestone, but in the upper region and the alpine portion many 
other plants make their appearance. Among trees and shrubs Quer- 
cus llex and Quercus Toza especially prevail, mingled with Lonicera 
arborea and Crategus granatensis, which rise to the highest alpine 
valleys and are the most beautiful trees here. Adenocarpus decorti- 
cans also occurs frequently; more rarely, Cerasus dvium, Pyrus 
Aria and Tarus baccata. The whole upper mountain and lower 
alpine region is clothed with Genista aspalathoides, DeC., and. Astra- 
galus aristatus, L’Hérit., with a woody stem often as thick as a man’s 
arm; both ascend to the snow-region, where I have even found the 
latter in flower. The mountain region is also particularly charac. 
terized by Artemisia campestris, L., var. glutinosa, ‘Ten., which 
