Botanical Notices from Java. 463 
But its beautiful green did not long refresh our eyes, for it soon dis- 
appeared, and species of oaks, especially Qu. pruinosa, Bl., began to 
predominate in the woods. These are immense trees, 100 feet high, 
whose branches are thickly covered up to the highest tops with succu- 
lent parasites, Orchidee, mosses, Usnee, and numerous other lichens. 
The whitish Usne@ hang down many feet long from the branches. In 
company with the oaks we find the Areca humilis, W., a palm with 
slender stems scarcely as thick as an arm, whose red bunches of 
fruit adorn the steep acclivities. Here were seen on every side the 
beautiful umbrella-shaped, palm-like foliage of the tree-ferns upon a 
little stem 30 feet high, which grow at this elevation most luxuriantly 
(Chnoophora glauca, Bl.). 
The oaks gradually become less frequent, and another kind of tree, 
Kaju-Angring (a species of Celtis), by degrees becomes more and more 
predominant, and at last exclusively constitutes the woods. These 
are trees of a moderate height, with gray slender stems and slender 
branches, which are only partially clothed with scanty foliage. With 
these occur species of Rubus, whose red berries reminded us agreeably 
of Germany and our own Hartz forests. The mists became thicker 
and the cold more piercing (60° F., 12° R.), and the rocky clefts 
thickly overgrown with weeds became more frightful. In one of 
these clefts we met with a cavern (rather a fissure in the rock) in 
which species of Rubus (R. javanicus, Bl., R. lineatus, R. moluccanus, 
L.) grew most luxuriantly ; we here noticed the last stems of the 
Musa paradisiaca, which up to the present time had accompanied 
us. The steepness of the acclivities, the rocks of which rise in steps, 
increased. ‘he angring-trees became lower, and their stems more 
thin and slender; but the Usnee, which hang down from their 
branches, were more frequent. Here began to appear a small fern 
( Polypodium vulcanicum*), and higher up it became more numerous, 
It grew luxuriantly from the crevices of the boulders of rock, which, 
cemented by a softer earth, cover the groundt. The luxuriant climb- 
ing plants and tropical shrubs had now disappeared ; but plants suc- 
ceeded which reminded us more of the flora of the temperate climate 
of Europe, especially bushes of red-berried species of Rubus, and the 
Hypericum javanicum, Bl., a shrub covered with yellow blossoms. 
We now arrived, all the while enveloped in thick mists, at a rocky 
headland overgrown with the before-mentioned ferns and with grass ; 
here blackish gray masses of trachyte of very various sizes projected 
from the soil, and many little channels descended straight down the 
mountain’s side four feet broad and four to six feetdeep. It was already 
3 o'clock; I doubted of being able to reach the top of the mountain 
that day, especially as the Javanese had lain down and lighted some 
fires, for which the dry leafless branches of the angring-trees yielded 
* Described and figured under this name by Prof. Blume in the Flora 
of Java. 
+ It is peculiar to all the high mountains in Java, and characterizes all 
acclivities situated at above 5000 feet, covered with boulders of rock : I found 
it at a later time, just as plentiful as upon the Merapi, on the mountains in 
Cheeribon and in the Preangerlanden (West Java). 
