Mr. A. H. Clark on the Genus Encriaus, 309 



Encrinus was first proposed binomiallj by Blumenbach in 

 1779 (' Handbuch der Naturgeschiclite,' Gottitigen, p. 435), 

 and contained tliree species, all recent — (1) asteria [his 

 asteria, Linnaeus, 1766, based on Guettavd), (2) mT/fii (a 

 pennatulid of the genus Umbellularia), and (3) holtenii (an 

 ascidian of the genus Boltenia). 



In 1788 Blumenbach (' Handbuch der Naturgeschichte,' 

 Gottingen, p. 503) again gives Encrinus, with the three 

 specieSj (1) asteria (as before), (2) radiatus (= Vorticella 

 encrinus^ Linnseus), and iZ) ou'ifer [=^ Vorticella '"'' ouifer^^ 

 Linnseus). Tiius the genus Encrinus, as understood by 

 Blumenbach in 1779 and 1788, contained the same three 

 species, though two of them were included under different 

 names. 



Lamarck in 1801 {' Syst. des Animaux sans vert^bres,' 

 p. 379) appears to have been the first reviser of the genus. 

 lie included in it two species, (1) caput-medusoe { = Isis 

 asteria, Lt\unsdus, = Encrinus asteria, Blumenbach) and (2) the 

 fossil Encrinus liliiformis. The latter is excluded from all 

 claims as the type of Encrinus by the fact that it did not 

 appear in the genus as originally proposed by Blumenbach. 

 Furthermore, Lamarck removed from all consideration the 

 second species, my/ii or radiatus, by establishing for it the 

 new genus Umbellularia (p. 580). According to the views 

 of Lamarck, asteria was the only species of the original 

 Encrinus which could be retained in that genus^ as restricted 

 by him. 



In 1804 Blumenbach (' Abbildungen naturhistorische 

 Gegensttinde/ p. 60, pi. Ix.) gives the name Encrinites fossilis 

 to Lamarck's second species, E. liliiformis, and also (p. 70, 

 pl. Ixx.) gives the name Pentacrinites fossilis to the species 

 subsequently called Pentacrinus briareus by J. S. Miller. 

 Neither of these names can have any influence on the selec- 

 tion of the type of Encri?ius, as neither species was included 

 in the original genus. 



In 1816 Lamarck repeats his original disposition of the 

 genus Encrinus, and in the same year Savigny ('Mem. sur 

 les Animaux sans vert^bres,' 2^ partie, p. 140) finally removes 

 the third species of Blumenbach's original genus, boltenii or 

 ouifer^ making it the type of his new genus Boltenia. This 

 makes it clear that asteria alone remains as the type of 

 Encrinus ; summarized, the elimination is as follows : — 



