12 INTRODUCTION 



If Evolution can be proved to include Man, the 

 whole course of Evolution and the whole scheme 

 of Nature from that moment assume a new signifi- 

 cance. The beginning must then be interpreted 

 from the end, not the end from the beginning. 

 An engineering workshop is unintelligible until we 

 reach the room where the completed engine stands. 

 Everything culminates in that final product, is con- 

 tained in it, is explained by it. The Evolution of 

 Man is also the complement and corrective of all 

 other forms of Evolution. From this height only 

 is there a full view, a true perspective, a consistent 

 world. The whole mistake of naturalism has been 

 to interpret Nature from the standpoint of the atom 

 — to study the machinery which drives this great 

 moving world simply as machinery, forgetting that 

 the ship has any passengers, or the passengers any 

 captain, or the captain any course. It is as great 

 a mistake, on the other hand, for the theologian 

 to separate off the ship from the passengers as for 

 the naturalist to separate off the passengers from 

 the ship. It is he who cannot include Man among 

 the links of Evolution who has greatly to fear the 

 theory of development. In his jealousy for that 

 religion which seems to him higher than science, he 

 removes at once the rational basis from religion 

 and the legitimate crown from science, forgetting 



