14 INTRODUCTION 



who assure him that Evolution has nothing to do 

 with those higher things, but the main reason is 

 simply that his work does not lie on the levels 

 where those forces come into play. The specialist is 

 not to be blamed for this ; limitation is his strength. 

 But when the specialist proceeds to reconstruct the 

 universe from his little corner of it, and especially 

 from his level of it, he not only injures science and 

 philosophy, but may fatally mislead his neighbours. 

 The man who is busy with the stars will never come 

 across Natural Selection, yet surely must he allow 

 for Natural Selection in his construction of the world 

 as a whole. He who works among star-fish will 

 encounter little of Mental Evolution, yet will he 

 not deny that it exists. The stars have voices, but 

 there are other voices ; the star-fishes have activities, 

 but there are other activities. Man, body, soul, 

 spirit, are not only to be considered, but are first 

 to be considered in any theory of the world. You 

 cannot describe the life of kings, or arrange their 

 kingdoms, from the cellar beneath the palace. 

 "Art," as Browning reminds us, 



" Must fumble for the whole, once fixing on a part, 

 However poor, surpass the fragment, and aspire 

 To reconstruct thereby the ultimate entire." 



