f 



38 INTRODUCTION 



implications untouched. It completely alters these 

 implications. It has never been denied that the 

 Struggle for Life is an efficient instrument of pro- 

 gress ; the sole difficulty has always been to justify 

 the nature of the instrument. But if even it be 

 shown that this is only half the instrument, tele- 

 ology gains something. If the fuller view takes 

 nothing away from the process of Evolution, it 

 imports something into it which changes the whole 

 aspect of the case. For even from the first that 

 factor is there. The Struggle for the Life ot 

 Others, as we have seen, is no interpolation at the 

 end of the process, but radical, engrained in the 

 world-order as profoundly as the Struggle for 

 Life. By what right, then, has Nature been inter- 

 preted only by the Struggle for Life ? With far 

 greater justice might science interpret it in the 

 light of the Struggle for the Life of Others. For, 

 in the first place, unless there had been this 

 second factor, the world could not have existed. 

 Without the Struggle for the Life of Others, ob- 

 viously there would have been no Others. In 

 the second place, unless there had been a Struggle 

 for the Life of Others, the Struggle for Life could 

 not have been kept up. As will be shown later 

 the Struggle for Life almost wholly supports 

 itself on the products of the Struggle for the 



