6o INTRODUCTION 



contained ; upheavals, depressions, denudations, gla- 

 ciations, faults, vary the scene; higher forms of 

 fossils appear as we ascend ; but the laws of life 

 are continuous throughout, the eternal elements in 

 an ever temporal world. The Struggle for Life, and 

 the Struggle for the Life of Others, in essential 

 nature, have never changed. They find new ex- 

 pression in each further sphere, become coloured to 

 our eye with different hues, are there the rivalries 

 or the affections of the brute, and here the industrial 

 or the moral conflicts of the race ; but the factors 

 themselves remain the same, and all life moves in 

 widening spirals round them. Fix in the mind this 

 distinction between the horizontal and the vertical 

 view of Nature, between the phenomena and the law, 

 between all the sciences that ever were and the one 

 science which resolves them all, and the confusions 

 and contradictions of Evolution are reconciled. The 

 man who deals with Nature statically, who cata- 

 logues the phenomena of life and mind, puts on 

 each its museum label, and arranges them in their 

 separate cases, may well defy you to co-relate such 

 diverse wholes. To him Evolution is alike imposs- 

 ible and unthinkable. But these items that he 

 labels are not wholes. And the world he dis- 

 sects is not a museum, but a living, moving, and 

 ascending thing. The sociologist's business is with 



