254 THE ASCENT OF MAN 



out of his blood and make him domestic and quiet. 

 The shepherd is a wanderer ; he is much alone ; 

 the monotonies of grass make him dull and moody; 

 the mountains awe him : the protector of his flock, 

 he is a man of war. So arise types of men, types 

 of industries ; and by and bye, by exogamous mar- 

 riage, blends of these types, and further blends of 

 infinite variety. " It is so ordered by Nature, that 

 by so striving to live they develop their physical 

 structure ; they obtain faint glimmerings of reason ; 

 they think and deliberate ; they become Man. In 

 the same way, the primeval men have no other 

 object than to keep the clan alive. It is so ordered 

 by Nature that in striving to preserve the existence 

 of the clan, they not only acquire the arts of agri- 

 culture, domestication, and navigation ; they not 

 only discover fire, and its uses in cooking, in war, 

 and in metallurgy ; they not only detect the hidden 

 properties of plants, and apply them to save their 

 own lives from disease, and to destroy their enemies 

 in battle ; they not only learn to manipulate Nature 

 and to distribute water by machinery ; but they 

 also, by means of the life-long battle, are developed 

 into moral beings." ^ Nature being " everything 

 that is," and Man being in every direction immersed 

 in it and dependent on it, can never escape its 

 * Win wood Reade, Martyrdom of Man^ p. 464. 



