CH. Ill SPRINGS 49 



They are fastened by clips to the transom bed in 

 front and directly to the axle behind, and the body 

 rests upon the centres of the cross springs and is 

 attached to them in the same way. 



It will be noticed that the body is attached to 

 the springs at four points only, and that these 

 points are all in the centre line of the coach. This 

 arrangement permits an amount of rolling motion, 

 which would be serious were the springs not stiff, 

 and is an obvious disadvantage, which is, however, 

 more than compensated by the lowness of the 

 body, a greater height of which would increase the 

 liability to roll. 



The four springs forming this combination are 

 connected at the corners by shackles, or ' D's,' 

 and in a public-coach, carrying heavy loads, these 

 shackles should be as short as possible, otherwise 

 the body will sway sidewise too much, and in going 

 down-hill will swing forward, taking the brake away 

 from the face of the wheel, and in going up-hill may 

 move back enough to put the brake-block against 

 the wheel. If they are long, the coach will ride 

 somewhat easier and the body will be lower. These 

 are points to be considered, but, on the whole, it 



wheel, 3I in. ; gather \ in. ; tire, I in. face and \ in. thick ; spoke, 

 i by 2 in. ; rim, ? in. The swing given to the wheel is much greater 

 than that called for by the dish, because the axle being light the 

 weight of a man on the centre of it, where the spring is attached, 

 will spread the wheels enough to ensure a plumb spoke with this 

 amount of swing. There are fourteen spokes. 



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