io8 



BREAK 



CH. VI 



By this simplification, while the form of the vehicle 

 is but little changed, the mechanical principle is 

 much modified. 



In a carriage made with a perch, the horses are 

 attached directly to the whole of the carriage- part, 

 which follows them as one piece, while the body 

 alone is above the springs ; in a carriage without a 

 perch, the horses pull upon the body, and second- 



Fig. 58. 



arily upon the axles and wheels through the 

 springs, the body, in a measure, taking the place 

 of a perch. 



It will be noticed that when any wheel of a perched 

 carriage strikes an obstacle, the shock is felt directly 

 by the horses ; while in one without a perch, the 

 shocks, both vertical and horizontal, are taken largely 

 by the springs, and reach the horses with their 

 violence much diminished. 



