CH. XIV TURNING AND BACKING 34 1 



to it (Fig. B, Plate XXVIII.), the horses turned to 

 the right until the coach is on the lock, and then 

 backed until the hind wheels touch the kerb, which 

 they will both do if the coach has been kept hard on 

 the lock. The leaders must then be drawn to the 

 left, and, in a street 24 feet wide, they can pass 

 the kerb without touching it. As the leaders can 

 be brought back more than a foot behind the posi- 

 tion which they occupy when straightened out, it is 

 possible to squeeze round in 23 feet. About the 

 time that the leaders reach the kerb, the wheelers 

 must be pulled to the left, not letting them go for- 

 ward until the coach is hard on the other lock, and 

 the leaders having been kept turning, the coach can 

 then be drawn off in the new direction, which will 

 be parallel to the kerb and 16 feet from it. 



In making a turn in this way, the coach is backed 

 through an entire quarter circle. If the street is 

 wider, say 30 feet, it is better to draw close to 

 the right-hand kerb, and then to drive obliquely 

 across the street (Fig. C, Plate XXVIII.) nearly 

 on the left lock, until the leaders' feet reach the 

 kerb ; the coach will stand partly across the street. 

 Then putting the horses over to the right until the 

 coach is on the right lock, they are backed until the 

 hind wheels touch the kerb, which they will soon 

 do, since before beginning to back, the coach was 

 already partly in the proper position. In a 30-foot 

 street it will be necessary to back through less than 

 an eighth of a circle instead of a whole quarter, 



