SCHOOLCRAFT COUNTY AND VICINITY 81 



PINACEAE. Pine Family 



Pinus strobus L. White pine. Formerly abundant in many localities 

 as at present indicated by stumps. A very few clumps of large trees 

 left. Small trees noticed throughout. 



Pinus banksiana Lamb. Jack pine. Plentiful on what are called jack 

 pine plains, consisting of very dry sandy localities of flat or rolling 

 ground. Noticed also in sphagnum swamps. Usually a small scraggy 

 tree, occasionally large and straight enough for lumber. 



Pinus sylvestris L. Scotch pine. Occasionally planted. Noticed in 

 particular on the sandy beach of Grand Island in Alger County where 

 it appears to be thriving. 



Pinus resinosa Ait. Red pine. Norway pine. Formerly abundant 

 on dry sandy land. Has been extensively cut for lumber and only a 

 few small tracts now left. Small trees common throughout. 



Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Tamarack. Abundant in "tamarack 

 swamps" and occasional on dry land. Usually small and mixed with 

 black spruce. It is being killed by attacks of the saw-fly, an insect pest 

 from Europe. Shrubs plentiful throughout. 



Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. White spruce. Frequent on dryish 

 high ground but never plentiful. Many large trees noticed on the banks 

 of the Tahquamenon River, in Luce County. Often attacked by the 

 dwarf mistletoe as a parasite. 



Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. Black spruce. Common throughout 

 with tamarack in what are often called tamarack-black spruce swamps. 

 Usually the trees are small and often attacked by the dwarf mistletoe. 

 Many botanists, foresters and cruisers distinguish a small short-leaved 

 form and call it "swamp spruce," Picea brevifolia Peck. 



Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Balsam. Balsam fir. Usually in and on 

 borders of hardwoods, occasional in swamps. Noticed throughout. 



Tsuga canadensis (J,.) Carr. Hemlock. In hardwoods, many scatter- 

 ing large trees noticed. Sometimes plentiful in spots and streaks, but 

 seldom abundant. 



Thuja occidentalis L. White cedar. Arbor vita:-. Formerly qui 

 abundant in "cedar swamps," but at present scarce on account of lum- 

 bering and forest fires. Occasional on poor sandy ground and in hard- 

 woods. Small trees also common along lake shores. 



Juniperus communis depressa Pursh. Low juniper. Often plentiful 

 along the shores and sandy beaches of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior 

 where it acts as an efficient sand binder. Occasional in other places in 

 dry sandy ground. 



Juniperus horizontalis Moench. Creeping juniper. Frequent and 

 sometimes abundant along the sandy beaches and shores of Lake Michi- 

 gan and Lake Superior where it often covers the ground and acts as an 

 efficient sand binder. Occasional in swamps. 

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