CHIPPEWA COUNTY 131 



Lycopodium complcinatum L. Running pine. Pino wood- ai md 

 dunes throughout. Frequent. 



Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh. Clustered ground pine. Dry open 

 ground. Apparently infrequent. 



SELAGINELLACEAE. Selaginella Family 



Selaginella apus (L.) Spring. Creeping selaginella. Low open or 

 partially shaded ground. Frequent throughout. 



TAXACEAE. Yew Family 



Taxus canadensis Marsh. American yew. Beech-maple-birch wood-. 

 Abundant, often carpeting the ground. Noticed in particular in the 

 hardwoods north of Eckerman. 



PINACEAE. Pine Family 



Pinus strobus L. White pine. Formerly large areas covered with 

 this species, as at present shown by stumps both on level sandy hind, 

 and sand ridges. Often mixed with red pine. Large specimens free 

 from limbs and containing several logs of 16 feet each are called by hind 

 cruisers "sap pine", and specimens with limbs on the body nearly to 

 ground, "buckwheat pine". Many small trees yet standing and seed- 

 lings usually plentiful. About a half section of original trees of Ibis 

 mixed with some red pine noticed yet standing southwest of Vermilion. 



Pinus banksiana Lamb. Jack pine. Throughout the county on level 

 sandy land and sand ridges. Abundant at Whitefish Point. Trees 

 usually small, occasionally large enough for saw logs. Often mixed 

 with red pine. Shrubs and seedlings abundant. Occasional in sphag- 

 num swamos. 



Pinus resinosa Ait. Red pine. Formerly plentiful and abundant in 

 spots on dry flat sandy land and sand ridges. A few fine trees yet left . 

 scattered over the county. A large area of sand ridges covered with 

 small trees a few miles west of Emerson. A tree with a long bod;/ free 

 from limbs, containing several logs of 16 feet each, called "yellow pine' 

 by land cruisers; one with limbs nearly to the ground, 'buckwheat 

 pine". When logs of this species are so heavy as to sink in water many 

 lumbermen call it "pigiron pine". 



Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch. Tamarack. Many large swamps 

 covered thickly with this and black spruce, throughout the county, 

 usually referred to as "tamarack-black spruce swamps". Trees gen- 

 erally small and everywhere dying, being attacked by a winged insect 

 from Europe called a saw fly. Shrubs and seedlings plentiful and appar- 

 ently vigorous. "Tamaracks are being killed all over the State now by 

 a saw fly that came to this country from Europe before the ( nil \\ ar. 



