186 BOTANY OF MICHIGAN 



ground with other trees, especially in the vicinity of the small lakes. 

 "Common with the beech and hard maple." C. A. Davis. 



Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Blue beech. Common in damp rich 

 ground with other trees. 



Belula lutea Michx.f. Yellow birch. Frequent in rich ground with 

 other trees. Prof. C. S. Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica 

 Plain, Mass., is inclined to call this birch Betula allegheniensis Britton, 

 southern yellow birch, and doubts whether we have Betula lenta L., 

 cherry birch, in Michigan or western Ontario. 



Betula alba papyrifcra (Marsh.) Spach. White birch. Paper birch, 

 Canoe birch. Common throughout in rich or poor ground with other 

 trees. 



Betula pumila L. Low birch. Abundant in the swamps about Cat 

 Lake and Mud Lake. 



Alnus incana (L.) Moench. Speckled alder. Common in wet rich 

 ground especially along streams and about the small lakes. Often 

 abundant. 



FAGACEAE. Beech Family 



Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Common beech. Common in rich ground 

 with other trees. Often noticed on good hilly land. " Formerly abun- 

 dant on the better drained clayey soils and on the moraines. ,: C. A. 

 Davis. 



Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. "A few trees by the 

 roadside in Millington Township, apparently planted.' C. A. Davis. 



Quercus alba L. White oak. Reported as formerly very abundant, 

 but most of the large and valuable trees were cut many years ago for 

 staves and lumber. Now confined mostly to small trees on hilly, sandy 

 and gravelly land. 



Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur oak. Frequent throughout and 

 usually in rich ground with other trees. 



Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp white oak. Frequent throughout 

 with other trees and usually in rich ground. In Akron Township west of 

 Unionville on the north side of the road, this and the preceding species 

 have been set out for some distance as ornamental trees and they appear 

 to be a striking success. 



Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. Chestnut oak. "Watertown Town- 

 ship." C. A. Davis. 



Quercus rubra L. Red oak. Common throughout with other trees, 

 both in damp rich and dry poor ground. 



Quercus coccinea Moench. Scarlet oak. "Sand dunes and plains in 

 Cass River valley." C. A. Davis. 



Quercus velutina Lam. Yellow-barked oak. Black oak. "Sandy 

 island in the prairies and on the dunes along the bay shore in Akron and 

 Wisner townships." C. A. Davis. 



